Chem 1050 White Test 1

The state of matter that changes significantly with pressure and temperature

•Gases have relatively ____ densities.

Gases form a solution in any _______

arises from the force exerted by atmospheric gases on the earth’s surface; decreases with altitude

devices used to measure the pressure of a gas in an experiment.

a gas that exhibits linear relationships among these variables (pressure, temp, moles, and volume)

do ideal gases exist?

At constant temperature, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is inversely proportional to the external pressure.

Boyle’s law

At constant pressure, the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute (Kelvin) temperature

charles law

at fixed temperature and pressure, equal volumes of any ideal gas contain equal numbers of particles (or moles).

STP

standard molar volume

is the volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas at STP.

The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture

the total pressure in a mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases.

At a given T, all gases in a sample have the same….

Kinetic energy depends on both the

At the same T, a heavier gas particle moves more _____ than a lighter one.

the process by which a gas escapes through a small hole in its container into an evacuated space.

the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Real gases deviate most from ideal behavior at __ temperature and __ pressure

adjusts the ideal gas law to take into account for the real volume of the gas particles and the effect of interparticle attractions

Each physical state of matter is a ____, a physically distinct, homogeneous part of a system.

The properties of each phase are determined by the balance between the _***and *** energy of the particles

The ____ energy, in the form of ____ ____, tends to draw particles together

The potential energy, in the form of attractive forces, tends to draw particles together

found within a molecule

found between  all molecules with partial charge, or between ions and molecules

The physical behavior of each phase of matter is different because ….

gas has ____ attractions

liquid has ____ attractions

solid has ___________ attractions

compressibility of a gas is…

compressibility of a liquid is…

compressibility of a solid is….

what is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of particles?

what is the relationship between temp and attractive forces in a particle?

solid to liquid

liquid to gas

gas to liquid

liquid to solid

solid to gas

gas to solid

the heat released/gained as the substance changes from liquid to gas

the heat released/gained as the substance changes from liquid to solid

Within a phase, heat flow is accompanied by a

During a phase change, heat flow occurs at…

Shows the change in temperature of a sample when heat is absorbed or released.

where molecules are leaving and entering the liquid at the same rate in a closed flask

vapor pressure and temperature have a ____ relationship

This equation relates vapor pressure to temperature.

•the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the external pressure.

•is observed at standard atmospheric pressure or 760 torr.

As the external pressure on a liquid increases, the boiling point….

the densities of the liquid and gas phases become equal

all three phases are in equilibrium

Intermolecular forces are relatively ___ compared to bonding forces

Like charges repel each other; unlike charges attract

one-half the closest distance between the nuclei of two nonbonded atoms

the distance between two nonbonded atoms in adjacent molecules

The Van Der waals radius is always ___ than the covalent radius

the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms

one-half the distance between the nuclei of two covalently bonded atoms of the same element in a molecule

periodic table trends for covalent and van der Waals radii

the basis of attraction in a metallic bond is….

ion charge- dipole charge

polar bond to H- dipole charge

dipole charges

ion charge- polarizable electron cloud

dipole charge- polarizable electron cloud

polarizable electron cloud

is possible for molecules that have a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom with lone electron pairs, specifically N, O, or F.

the ease with which its electron cloud is distorted.

Smaller particles are ____ polarizable

trend for polarizability on periodic table

arises when an instantaneous dipole in one particle induces a dipole in another, resulting in an attraction between them

stronger for more polarizable particles.

intramolecular forces are _________ than intermolecular forces

the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid

The stronger the forces between the particles the ___ the surface tension

surface tension decreases with ….

the rising of a liquid through a narrow space against the pull of gravity

the resistance of a fluid to flow; Results from intermolecular attractions that impede the movement of molecules around and past each other

viscosity and intermolecular attractions have a ______ relationship

viscosity and temp have __ relationship

water is the perfect solvent bc

have well defined shapes due to the orderly arrangement of their particles

lack orderly arrangement and have poorly defined shapes.

composed of particles packed in an orderly three-dimensional array called the crystal lattice

smallest portion of a crystal lattice that yields the crystal if it is repeated in all directions

the number of nearest neighbors of a particle in a crystal.