AP BIO unit 4

converts signals on cells surface into cellular responses

messenger molecules that travel short distances (animal cells)

uses hormones (plant and animal cells)

Receptions, Transduction, Response

signal molecule binds to receptor protein, causing it to change shape

Amplification of signal through a multistep pathway

causes synthesis of protein or regulation of protein activity

growth, tissue renewal, reproduction

cell division of two indentical daughter cells

body cells, non reproductive

sex cells, reproductive (half as many chromosomes as somatic)

preperation for cell divison

divison of nucleus and cytoplasm

Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

directs events of cell cycle

cells will move on and divide or sent into nondividing stage called G0

checks for DNA damage and complete DNA replication

checks for completion of DNA replication

reproductions of Prokaryotes

non attached kinetochores send signal to delay anaphase

released proteins from certain cells stimulate other cells to divide

crowded cells stop dividing

cells must be attached to substratum to divide