Studied by 18 peoplevaccinations provoke a … immune response
primary
the primary immune response, promoted by a vaccination, leads to the formation of … and …
antibodies and memory cells
after vaccination, exposure to the same pathogen allows a rapid and intense … response
secondary
herd immunity is defined as…
immunity in most of the population
due to herd immunity outbreaks are … due to the lack of … individuals
sporadic, susceptible
R° value accounts for…
average # of people an infected person infects
name the type of vaccine…
weakened pathogns
closely mimics an actual infection
confers lifelong cellular and humoral immunity
live attenuated vaccine
name the type of vaccine…
safer than live vaccines
require repeated booster doses
induce mostly humoral immunity
inactivated killed vaccine
name the type of vaccine…
uses antigenic fragments to stimulate an immune response
subunit vaccines
toxoids are…
inactivated toxins
the two types of subunit vaccines are…
virus-like particle vaccine and polysaccharide vaccine
name the type of vaccine…
resemble intact viruses but do not contain viral genetic material
virus-like particle vaccine
name the type of vaccine…
made from molecules in pathogen’s capsule
not very immunogenic
polysaccharide vaccine
name the type of vaccine…
injected naked DNA produces the protein antigen encoded in the DNA
stimulate humoral and cellular immunity
nucleic acid (DNA) vaccine
name the type of vaccine…
avirulent viruses or bacteria are genetically modified to deliver gene coding for antigens
recombinant vector (plasmid) vaccine
an adjuvant is a… added to vaccines to improve…
chemical additive, effectiveness
name two adjuvants
alums and monophosphoryl lipid A
name the type of vaccine…
easier to make and alter
less stable
need booster shots
requires cold storage
mRNA vaccine
what is a well known mRNA vaccine
COVID-19
a fluorescent-antibody technique is where scientists combine … with …
fluorescent dyes with antibodies
direct fluorescent-antibody (FA) tests are used to…
identify a microorganism in a clinical specimen
indirect fluorescent-antibody (FA) tests are used to…
detect a specific antibody in serum
explain the three stages of the “Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS)”
laser beam strikes a droplet containing a cell
detector determines size and fluoresce of surface molecules
imparts a charge to the cell, separating cells
Note
Flashcard