APUSH Unit 4

Manifest destiny

A god given obligation to settle the land to the west

Wilmot Proviso

Wanted new territories gained in the Mexican American war to be free soil

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The treaty that ended the Mexican American war and gave the US California and most of the southwest

Compromise of 1850

Entered California as a free state abolished the slave trade in DC made a stronger fugitive slave law

Fugitive slave act

Required that all slaves must be returned to their owners even if they were in a free state

Uncle Toms Cabin

An influential book that spread awareness about the harshness of slavery

Know nothing

Was a political party who were nativists

Kansas-Nebraska act

Created 2 new territories who had popular sovereignty and repealed the Missouri compromise

Dread Scott vs Sandford

A slave went to court to gain his freedom because his master made him live in a free state who h he thought would make him a free man. The court sided against him and said that because he was black he wasn’t a citizen of the United States. Also the court said that the Missouri compromise was unconstitutional because it limited the right to property

Free soil

A party that wanted all the new territories to be free from slavery

Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln was elected president even though he wasn’t even on the southern ballet

Emancipation proclamation

The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

54th Massachusetts

The first military unit of African American soldiers to be raised in the north

March to the sea

General Sherman and his troupes marched around Georgia in a check mark shape and burnt everything in sight while freeing the slaves they came across

13th amendment

Made slavery illegal in the United States

Freedmens buero

Provided aid to newly emancipated slaves

Sharecropping

A way to keep former slaves in a loop of debt that would be passed down to their children

14th amendment

Made African Americans citizens of the US and granted them equality under the law

15th amendment

Gave African-American men the right to vote

Panic of 1873

Started the first Great Depression in the US

Started with a problem in Europe, when the stock market crashed. Investors began to sell off the investments they had in American products, particularly railroads

Ku Klux Klan

A party that harassed and murdered African Americans

Homestead act

Provided that any adult citizen that has never borne arms against the US with 160 acres of surveyed government land

Morrill Act

Set aside federal lands to build colleges

Exodusters

What people called African Americans that escaped the violence of reconstruction in the South

Assimilation

When the U.S. government wanted the Native Americans to assimilate into the White American culture

Did this through the Dawes Severalty act

Dawes Severalty act

Where Native Americans’ reservation was divided into a grid system and forced them to live far apart from each other

Making their values go from community to competition

Ghost dance movement

A dance that Native Americans did in hope to drive the white settlers away

Popular sovereignty

The residents decide if the state is slave or free

Forty niners

Came from the eastern US and around of the world for the California gold rush

Gadsden purchase(1853)

Acquired southern AZ/NM

Ostend Manifesto(1854)

Failed attempt to acquire cuba

Republican Party

Opposed expansion of slavery into territories(free soil)

Popularity limited to the north

Lecompton constitution

Proposed pro slavery constitution Congress refused to ratify

Crittenden plan

Wanted to extend the 36 30 line to the Pacific Ocean

Was not passed

Union strategies

-Keep border states loyal

-Naval blockade(anaconda plan)

- gain control of the Mississippi river

-short war minimal casualties

Confederate strategy

-prepare and wait(defense war)

-war of attrition

-wear down the Union with continuous victories

-influenced other nation with cotton

Habeas corpus

If you are arrested because you have to be told your sentencing, what your charges are

New York Draft Riots(1863)

Mostly Irish mob, violently targeting free Blacks

True womanhood

Role is in the home

Greenbacks

Paper money

Richmond bread riots

People broke into shops and stole food, jewelry, clothing, and shoes before the military arrived to restore order

Contraband

Property gained in war

Abraham Lincoln said that the Union could take slaves as contraband

Special field order No. 15

40 acres and a mule

Conciliatory terms(10 percent plan)

Ten percent of the male population took loyalty oaths to the Union then they would readmit the state

Black codes

Like slave codes

Civil rights act of 1866

Declared that all persons born in the US to be citizens “without distinction of race or color, previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude

Reconstruction act of 1867

Divided south into 5 military districts

Freemen’s right to vote

Set standards for readmission

Tenure of office act(1867)

Johnson violated this by firing secretary of war

Nation Women Suffrage Association

called for immediate suffrage

American Women Suffrage Association

remained loyal to the Republican Party

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Required “full and equal” access to public accommodations

would be challenged in supreme court

Gold standard

Any money issued must be backed up by actual gold that is held in storage

Sand Creek Massacre

In 1864, the U. S. Army carried out a surprise attack on a non-combatant encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians along the Big Sandy Creek in southeastern Colorado, killing about 160 men, women, and children, including elderly or infirm

Wounded Knee Massacre

On a cold day in December 1890, U.S. soldiers surrounded and slaughtered about 300 Lakota men, women, and children at Wounded Knee Creek, South Dakota.

American Exceptionalism

The idea that the American people and American culture is superior from others, and therefore America had a unique or special role in the world, such as a "city upon a hill."