ch 5 review

macromolecule

a giant molecule (containing multiple elements) that contains a large number of covalently-connected atoms

amino acids carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids

four types of macromolecules (alphabetical order)

polymer

a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks... LINKED BY COVALENT BONDS, also made up by smaller units called monomers

combine water

condensation reaction means c_________, create _______ molecule

splitting

hydrolysis is s_________, bonds are broken

monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides

three types of carbohydrates (in the order they're on the packet)

glucose galactose ribose fructose

name the monosaccharides

sucrose maltose lactose

name the disaccharides

maltose

glucose + glucose =

lactose

glucose + galactose =

sucrose

glucose + fructose =

1 less

when joining carbohydrates there will always be _ (number) ____ (more/less) than the number you started with

cellulose chitin starch glycogen

name the polysaccharides

fats phospholipids steriods

name the types of lipids

ester

what kind of bond for fats

double unsaturated solidification room

the _______ bond in ___________ fat prevents ________ at ________ temp

phospholipid bilayer/plasma membrane

phospholipids are a major component in...

4

how many fused ring in a steroid?

carbon hydrogen oxygen

carbohydrates made up of...

carbon hydrogen oxygen

lipids made up of...

phosphorus oxygen nitrogen carbon hydrogen

nucleic acids made up of...

carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen sulfer

proteins made up of... and SSSSSSometimes...

fast regulates

function of carbohydrates... f______ energy for your body, __________ blood sugar

cell cell

function of carbohydrates, ______ to _______ recognition

structure

function of carbohydrates, cell s_________

break fatty acids

function of carbohydrates, ________ down ________ _______

long energy

function of lipids, ________ term _______ storage

protection organs

function of lipids, p________ of _________

plasma membrane

function of lipids, part of the p______ ___________

store transmit

function of nucleic acids, ______ AND _________ genetic info

enzymes activation

function of proteins (which are made up by amino acids), _________ increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering _________ energy

hemogloebin

function of proteins, ___________ transports oxygen

viruses

function of proteins, fight off _______ with antibodies

hormones

function of proteins, create some __________

adenine guanine

what are the purines

cytosine uracil thymine

what are the pyrimidines

2

how many bonds between a and t

3

how many bonds between c and g

A G T T C G A C

sense strand of dna to antisense... T C A A G C T G

U C A A G C U C

sense strand of dna to rna... T C A A G C T C

U C A A G C U G

antisense strand of dna to rna... A G T T C G A C

peptide

what kind of bond for proteins

phosphodiester

what kind of bond for nucleotides

hydrophobic

what is the one trait that all lipids have in common? they are __________

glycogen

What is the polysaccharide used by animals to store glucose?

chitin

Which polysaccharide makes up the exoskeleton of insects?

fructose

Which monosaccharide is the sweetest?

ose

Sugars all end with what three letter ending?

3

how many fatty acids in fat?

2

how many fatty acids in phospholipids?

glycosidic

sugar bond

catabolic

is hydrolysis a catabolic or anabolic rxn?

anabolic

is condensation rxn an anabolic or catabolic rxn

hydrophobic

contributes to stability of tertiary structure of protein: h____________ interactions

van der waal

contributes to stability of tertiary structure of protein: ____ _____ ________ interactions

hydrogen ionic peptide

contributes to stability of tertiary structure of protein: h________, i________, p________ bonds

disulfide

contributes to stability of tertiary structure of protein: _________ bridges

circles peptide

primary structure drawing: a bunch of _________ connected by ________ bonds

hydrogen

secondary structure drawing: zigzag connected by _______ bonds, also it is a B pleated sheet

quaternary

2 or more proteins working together is what structure