AP Psych unit 8 pt 1 - mental disorders

continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of automatic nervous system arouse

Excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for six months or more

Often cannot identify the cause, which makes it difficult

Jittery, agitated, hard time concentrating

Often accompanied by depressed mood

May lead to physical problems, such as high blood pressure, sleep, disturbances, etc.

More common in women

unpredictable, minutes long episodes of intense dread, in which a person may experience, terror and accompanying chest pain, shortness of breath, choking, trembling, dizziness, or other frightening sensations often followed by worry over a next attack.

Recurrent panic attacks that last more than one month

intense fear, and avoidance of social situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others

The individual fears that she will act in a way that will be embarrassing and humiliating

The feared situations are avoided or else under with anxiety and stress

The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typically lasting six or more months

fear or avoidance of situations such as crowds or wide open spaces were one has fell loss of control and panic

Fear of public places where escape might be difficult or embarrassing

Not a fear of leaving the house

persistent, irrational, fear, and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation

Irrational fear, which has been persistent for at least six months and excessive fear which significantly disrupts routine and relationships

obsessions: intrusive, unwanted, distressing thoughts, such as dirt germs, toxins, contamination, something terrible happening, rules of symmetry or exactness

Compulsions: behaviors or mental acts in response to obsessions like handwashing, repeating rituals, bringing order, checking doors, asking for reassurance or hoarding

after direct or indirect exposure to a traumatic event

Disorder, characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, physical or emotional response to associated triggers or distress and anticipation of triggers, social withdrawal or insomnia

last four weeks or more after a traumatic event

At least five of the nine signs of depression, lasting two or more weeks

milder symptoms for two years or more

not better accounted for by bereavement

not due to substance use disorder

Depressed mood for most of the day diminished, interest or pleasure, significant weight, loss, insomnia, or hyper, insomnia, psycho motor agitation, or retardation, fatigue, worthlessness diminished concentration, recurrent thoughts of death

A diagnosis in children, age 6 to 18 years old with persistent irritability and an average of at least three episodes per week of severe recurrent temper, outburst or extreme behavioral discontrol established as an alternative to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and children

Alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and overexcited state of mania

Mania: feelings of invincibility, extreme optimism, poor judgment, racing thoughts, and ideas, impulsive, or reckless behavior, little need for sleep, rapid speech, false ideas, or perceptions, and may include delusions or hallucinations

Identical twins: seven intentions of the other twin having it if one already does

disorder, characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized, speech, or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

One cause of disordered thinking may be a breakdown in selective attention

positive symptoms: inappropriate behaviors are present/added; hallucinations, talk and disorganized, or deluded ways, exhibit, inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage

Negative symptoms: appropriate behaviors are absent/subtracted; absence of emotion in their voices, expressionless face, or unmoving, mute, and rigid bodies

symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood, psychotic episodes last longer, and recovery periods shorten as age progresses

Can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic/bodily form without apparent physical cause (ex blindness); linked with mental illness

A disorder in which a person experiences a very specific nervous system physical symptom that is not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions

Something is happening inside your head that is creating something inside your body, often happening after stress or trauma

ex: blindness, paralysis, loss of sensation

intense preoccupation about developing a serious illness, despite no evidence of an illness being present

They may or may not be experiencing symptoms, but their fear can cause them to start feeling the symptoms

Formally called hypochondriac

cognitive distress about physical symptoms that are real however, the severity of them is imagined

Significant worry about the symptoms is out of Proportion

Caused by many different things, including trauma, recent medical diagnoses, family, history of poor health, etc.

an individual who intentionally fakes symptoms or induces symptoms, artificially in order to get medical care or sympathy from others

Intense desire to be seen as sick

Manifest itself, even when there is not direct reward present

Often comorbid with depression and personality disorders

controversial rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts and feelings

There is much controversy surrounding the existence and diagnosis of dissociative disorders(DID)

Often appears after trauma and involves the splitting apart of repression of a persons, awareness, memory or identity

characterized by two or more distinct personality symptoms alters in the same individual seem to control a persons behavior at different times

The core personality will experience bouts of amnesia during moments of personality switching

Alters are generally completely different, including ages, gender and sexual identity, mannerisms and exhibit different brain functioning

Most often associated with significant physical or sexual abuse in childhood

dispositive disorder related to forgetting of large chunks of memory; not related to any damage to the brain

localized amnesia: inability to remember events during a stretch of time (such as from ages 5 to 7)

Selective amnesia: involves the loss of specific memories

Generalized amnesia: total loss of memories of one’s own life, which is a characteristic of dissociative fugue In which individuals travel and create a new identity for themselves

persistent presence of one or both of the following

Depersonalization: detachment from the self and one’s own identity

de-realization: detachment from reality and those around you to the point that nothing seems real

odd, suspicious, and eccentric

Disruptions in relationships due to peculiar, suspicious, and detached behavior

Paranoid: extremely distrustful

Schizoid: detached and restricted emotions, does not want relationships

Schizotypical: discomfort in close relationships, wants to be in close relationships, but isolates because awkward

dramatic, emotional, erratic

intense emotions, extreme impulsivity, causes significant disruption and even harm to the individual or others

Antisocial: lack of conscious for wrongdoing, ruthless

Histrionic: excessive emotionality and attention seeking through socially unacceptable behaviors

Narcissistic: thinking about themselves, lack of empathy, high for admiration

Borderline: insatiability of self image, intense and irrational, emotional reactions

anxious, fearful

Pervasive anxiety and hypersensitivity as a personality trait

Avoidant: feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitive to criticism, causes people to avoid social situations

Dependent: inability to be alone, fear of being abandoned

Obsessive compulsive: obsessions about perfectionism and control the flexibility, openness, and efficiency

A personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscious for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless, or a clever con artist

feeding and eating disorder in which a person, usually a young female, maintains a starvation diet, despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

Can be life-threatening; evolved, this one poses the greatest risk of death

Intense fear of Weight gain

Distorted perception of one’s own weight or body

Excessive concern and communication about weight and excessive need to weigh oneself and check the appearance of their body

feeding and eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating usually if high calorie foods is followed by inappropriate weight loss promoting behavior such as vomiting, laxative, use, fasting or excessive, exercising, and purging

Binging is often secretive

Often lack of control

Fluctuations in weight and significant impact on physical health

Can have calluses and wounds form, knuckles, and discolored damaged teeth from purging

feeding and eating disorder, characterized by significant binge eating episodes, followed by distress discussed or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior,

most are overweight