Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization

Leaders of Great Britain, US, and Soviet Union during WWII

1943 meeting in Iran where leaders decided on post-war plans for Europe

1945 meeting in the Black Sea focusing on Eastern Europe and Japan

July 1945 meeting in Germany discussing post-war Europe and the Cold War

Eastern Europe sought by Stalin to protect the Soviet Union from invasions

US develops powerful weapons, Soviets follow suit in 1949

Informal alliance between government and defense contractors, warned against by Eisenhower

Developed by US and Soviets in the 1950s, more potent than atomic bombs

Post-WWII efforts to undermine colonialism and empower anti-colonial movements

Predecessor to the UN, failed due to lack of support and slow response to conflicts

Term by Churchill describing the divide between Eastern and Western Europe

Economic system with private ownership determining decisions in US and Western Europe

Economic system with government ownership for equality in Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

US system with free elections and elected leaders chosen by the people

System in Soviet Union with insignificant elections and press controlled by the government

Policy advocated by George Kennan to prevent Soviet expansion

US policy to stop communist influence, offering support to countries resisting domination

US aid program to rebuild Europe after WWII, promoting stability

Competition between US and Soviets in space exploration and technology

Concept where both sides in a conflict would be destroyed if war broke out

Group of countries not aligned with US or Soviets during the Cold War

Conflict instigated by major powers but fought by other nations

Soviet blockade of West Berlin countered by the Berlin Airlift

Defense alliance formed by Western nations in response to Soviet threat

Soviet response to NATO, alliance with Eastern European countries

Country resisting Soviet control with a communist political system, briefly in the Warsaw Pact.

Country resisting Soviet control, never joining the Warsaw Pact, breaking into ethnic factions after Tito's death.

Formed in 1954 by Australia, France, GB, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, and US to combat communism in Asia.

Anti-Soviet treaty organization formed by GB, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Turkey to prevent communism in the Middle East.

Conflicts where smaller countries' armies act as proxies for superpowers, causing significant casualties.

Conflict where North Korea invaded South Korea, leading to UN intervention and a stalemate after 3 years.

Conflict involving US intervention in South Vietnam to prevent communist takeover by North Vietnam.

Country in Southwest Africa that faced ethnic conflict post-independence, supported by USSR, Cuba, South Africa, and the US.

Conflict in Nicaragua where US-backed Contras aimed to overthrow the socialist Sandinistas.

Standoff between US and USSR over Soviet missiles in Cuba, leading to a naval quarantine and eventual de-escalation.

Global movement opposing nuclear weapons, spurred by events like the Cuban Missile Crisis.

1963 treaty signed by US, USSR, and 100 other states to ban nuclear weapon testing above ground, underwater, or in space.

1968 treaty aiming to prevent the spread of military nuclear technology to non-nuclear countries.

Vital issue in various countries like China, Iran, Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, and Latin American nations to redistribute land ownership.

Mao Zedong's rise to power in China, emphasizing land redistribution and heavy industry over consumer goods.

Mao's policy organizing peasant lands into communes, leading to food shortages and millions of deaths.

Mao's movement to enforce communism, using Red Guards to silence critics and send officials to reeducation camps.

Involving foreign influence, land reform, the White Revolution, and the Iranian Revolution leading to a theocracy.

Efforts to redistribute land ownership to overcome barriers to progress, seen in countries like Venezuela and Guatemala.

Communist-led land redistribution in North Vietnam, contrasting with slow reforms in South Vietnam.

Struggles with land reforms under Haile Selassie's rule, leading to discontent and his eventual overthrow.

Post-independence efforts to redistribute land to the landless population in India.

1960 state passes laws to protect land renters

1963 tenants gain right to purchase land from landowners

1969 laws allow tenants to become full owners of land

1974 laws provide for fixed work hours and minimum wages

Central government intervenes to slow Kerala's reforms

Formed in 1906, advocating for a separate nation for Indian Muslims

1946 revolt instrumental in British realization to grant India independence

Gold Coast gains independence as Ghana in 1957

1954 war leading to Algeria's independence from France

National Liberation Front leading Algerian independence movement

Conflict post-independence in Algeria, 1991-2002

Constitution created in 1992 for multiparty governance

Negotiated independence from France in the late 1950s

Split into North and South after French occupation

Independence from Britain in 1922, leading to Republic of Egypt

UN resolution leading to international control of the Suez Canal

Independence from Britain in 1960

1967 war when Igbos secede, leading to Biafra's independence

1999 election of Olusegun Obasanjo, establishing democracy

Desire for separation from Canada, led by Quebecois

Zionist movement leads to the birth of Israel in the 1890s

British support for Jewish establishment in Palestine

British officer promising Arabs independence against Ottomans

Jewish immigrants to Ottoman lands under British mandate

1967 conflict where Israel fought on 3 fronts

1973 conflict where Israel repelled invasion by Egypt and Syria

1979 peace agreement between Israel and Egypt mediated by Jimmy Carter

Palestinian group controlling the West Bank

Palestinian group controlling Gaza

Cambodian communist group under Pol Pot

Tension between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region

World's first female prime minister in Sri Lanka (1960)

India's leader implementing economic reforms in the 1960s

First elected female leader of Pakistan (1988)

Tanzanian president instituting African socialist ideas

Separatist group in northern Spain seeking independence

Peruvian revolutionary group based on Maoist ideology

Terrorist group led by Osama bin Laden

Ugandan dictator responsible for ethnic tensions and human rights abuses

Agreement freezing the number of intercontinental ballistic missiles

Reagan's missile defense program to destroy Soviet nuclear missiles

Gorbachev's restructuring of the Soviet economy

Gorbachev's policy of political openness in the Soviet Union

1987 treaty restricting intermediate-range nuclear weapons

Barrier separating East and West Berlin torn down in 1989

Shift in global power dynamics towards interconnectedness

Ideological struggle between states, not open warfare

Reversal of imperial expansion post-World War II

US and Soviet Union post-World War II

Aid program facilitating US prosperity post-World War II

Economic system with central authority determining production

US development signaling technological superiority

Escalating development of destructive weapons