Infection and Response

A type of pathogen that reproduce and release toxins

A type of pathogen that invade our cells, reproduce and cause the cell to burst

Type of pathogen that grow and penetrate our skin, causing disease

A type of pathogen which is a single cell eukaryote (No nucleus)

Pathogens can be spread by drinking contaminated _____ (e.g infected with cholera)

Pathogens can be spread through ______ _______ - transfer of pathogens by touching contaminated objects

Pathogens can be spread through the ___ - pathogens transferred in droplets from sneezing or coughing, such as the influenza virus

We can reduce the spread of disease by increasing _______ - washing hands before cooking and after sneezing

We can reduce the spread of disease by _______ _______ - insects carry diseases called vectors so by killing them or destroying their habitats can prevent the spread of disease

_________ infected people prevents them passing the disease to anyone else

__________ means that the person or animal cannot become infected and pass it on

____ is a physical barrier. It secretes antimicrobial substances to kill pathogens

Hair and _____ in the nose passages trap pathogens

_____ in the trachea and bronchi move mucus up to the throat

Stomach ____ (Hydrochloric Acid) kills pathogens

Phagocytosis is when white blood cells ______ pathogens and digest them

White blood cells release __________ to destroy toxins released by pathogens

White blood cells produce _______ antibodies that bind to antigens on a pathogen

____________ reduce symptoms of a disease

__________ kill the bacteria

Antibiotics do not _____ viruses as they reproduce inside body cells

__________, such as penicillin, are medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body

Specific bacteria should be treated by ________ antibiotics

The antibiotic will kill the non-resistant strain of bacteria but not the mutated resistant strain. The resistant bacteria will _________, increasing their population

How can we prevent the development of antibiotic resistance?

____ is an example of an antibiotic resistant bacteria

The heard drug _________ originates from foxgloves

The painkiller ______ originates from willow

__________ was discovered by Alexander Fleming from the Penicillium Mould

Very ___ doses of the drug are given at the start of the clinical trial

If the drug is found to be safe, further clinical trials are carried out to find the ______ dose for the drug

In a double blind trial, both the doctor and the patient don’t know what they are being given; either the drug or a _______

The results of testing and trials are published only after scrutiny by ____ review

Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single _____ of cells

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by stimulating mouse ___________ to make a particular antibody

In monoclonal antibodies, tumour cells and lymphocytes are combined to make a cell called a ________ cell

monoclonal antibodies create more ____ _______ than expected. They are not yet as widely used as everyone hoped when they were first developed