LING 104 QUIZ 1

voiceless bilabial stop

voiced bilabial stop

voiced bilabial nasal

voiceless labiodental fricative

voiced labiodental fricative

voiceless interdental fricative

voiced interdental fricative

voiceless alveolar stop

voiced alveolar stop

voiced alveolar nasal

voiced alveolar tap (only occurs intervocalically)

voiceless alveolar fricative

voiced alveolar fricative

voiced alveolar approximant

voiced alveolar lateral

voiceless post-alveolar fricative

voiced post-alveolar fricative

voiced palatal approximant

voiceless velar stop

voiced velar stop

voiced velar nasal

voiceless glottal fricative

voiceless glottal stop

affricate: voiceless alveolar stop INTO a voiceless post-alveolar fricative

affricate: voiced alveolar tap INTO a voiced post-alveolar fricative

voiced labio-velar approximant

upper close front unrounded

lower close front unrounded

upper close-mid front unrounded

upper open-mid front unrounded

lower close-mid center unrounded (unstressed vowel)

upper open-mid back unrounded

open back unrounded

upper close back rounded

lower close back rounded

upper open-mid back rounded

dipthong (bite, hide)

dipthong (bout, round)

dipthong (boy)

upper close-mid front unrounded

upper close-mid back rounded

water and bird, ɚ and ɝ

is an allophone of all other vowels in English, is only found in unstressed syllables in English

the description of the systems and patterns of sounds that occur in a language

contrastive sounds in a language, considered “basic units of sound” in a language

words that differ in just one sound (time and dime), and the differing sound is in the same place

words that are a minimal pair but differ in more than one way, in order to count the area around the segment is identical (mission and vision)

sounds that do not contrast, are predictable, have “complementary distribution,” tap and glottal stop

phonemic (broad)- just phonemes, phonetic (narrow)- exact allophones

source of power in speech sounds

vibration determines voicing of sounds

a sound where airflow is constricted somewhere in the vocal tract

lungs → windpipe → larynx → vocal folds

methods of sounds use easier ways of creating the same sound