AP Bio: Unit 7

Generate genetic variation in a population.

Different traits resulting from genetic variations.

Process where favorable traits lead to differential reproductive success.

Selective breeding by humans for desired traits.

Selection based on traits that enhance mating success.

Includes molecular

Similar structures in different species indicating common ancestry.

Show intermediate states between ancestral and modern species.

Anatomical features with reduced or no function in modern organisms.

Similar adaptations in species from similar environments.

Study of species distribution supporting evolution.

Evolution occurs at the population level

Explains evolution by natural selection based on variations and differential reproductive success.

Explains how variations lead to differential reproductive success and survival advantage.

Bacteria with genotypes resistant to antibiotics survive and reproduce.

Moths with wing coloration advantageous for survival in their environment.

Occurs when one phenotype is favored

Characteristics that make individuals more likely to survive and reproduce.

Period of rapid industrial growth

Some individuals produce more offspring due to advantageous traits.

Differences in traits among individuals in a species.

Proportion of a specific trait in a population over time.

Changes in the environment influence the direction of evolution.

Moths with wing coloration that camouflages them from predators.

Observable traits of an organism

Favors the intermediate phenotype over extremes

Favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range

Mate choice based on traits that attract the opposite sex

Competition within one sex for mates of the opposite sex

Describes a population where allele frequencies remain constant

Changes in allele frequencies due to random events

Study of genetic variation within populations

Proportions of different alleles in a population

Transfer of alleles between populations

Population size reduction leading to decreased genetic diversity

Genetic drift due to a small group founding a new population

Reduces genetic drift

Prevents changing allele frequencies due to sexual selection

Individuals must not enter or leave the population

All phenotypes must have equal reproductive success

Rare occurrences that can change allele frequencies

Equation for allele frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Equation for genotype frequencies in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Rules governing the likelihood of events

Individuals with two different alleles for a trait

The proportion of different genotypes in a population

The proportion of different alleles in a population

An allele that is expressed in the phenotype

An allele that is masked in the presence of a dominant allele

A state where allele frequencies remain constant in a population

The proportion of a particular allele in a population

Having two identical dominant alleles for a gene

Having two different alleles for a gene

Having two identical recessive alleles for a gene

The evolutionary history and relationships among species or groups

Shared evolutionary history among different species or groups

Graphical representations of evolutionary relationships among organisms

Diagram showing relationships among organisms based on shared characteristics

Traits found in a group of related organisms that set them apart

Points on a phylogenetic tree representing common ancestors

The least closely related member in a phylogenetic tree

Represents the common ancestor of all tree members

Point indicating a common ancestor in a phylogenetic tree

Group of organisms with a common ancestor

Trait unique to a clade and its descendants

Event leading to new species from a common ancestor

Event causing the death of all members of a species

Last universal common ancestor of all life on Earth

Defines a species as organisms capable of interbreeding

Prevents interbreeding between isolated populations

Evolution of organisms into different ecological niches

Slow pace of speciation in stable environments

Long species stability interrupted by rapid evolution

Speciation in the same area with reproductive barriers

Replication of extra sets of chromosomes

Barriers preventing zygote formation

Barriers occurring after zygote formation

Reproductive isolation due to different habitats

Reproductive isolation due to different activity times

Reproductive isolation due to incompatible mating behaviors

Reproductive isolation due to incompatible sexual organs

Reproductive isolation due to incompatible gametes

Zygotes not surviving to adulthood

Infertile adult hybrids

Weakening of hybrids over generations

Death of all members of a species

Level of genetic diversity in a population