Chapter 10: Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach

________ degrade or overuse 60 % of the earths natural services.

________: Especially in Latin America, Indonesia, and Africa.

Uncut, or not disturbed for several hundred years

Reservoirs of biodiversity

Secondary ecological succession

Intermediate-aged or mature trees are cut singly or in small groups

Removal of all trees from an area

Clear-cutting a strip of trees along the contour of the land

Usually burn leaf litter and undergrowth

Extremely hot so it burns whole trees, kill wildlife, and increase soil erosion

Rising temperatures, trees become more susceptible to diseases and pests, drier forests have more fires, increase in greenhouse gases

Especially in Latin America, Indonesia, and Africa

A coniferous forest consisting primarily of pine, spruce, and larch trees

Owns and manages protective timberland

Developed a list of environmentally sound practices

Carefully planned & monitored

Removes flammable underbrush & smaller trees

Eliminate the use of flammable construction materials

Clear away small fire-prone trees & underbrush under environmental controls

Highly flammable debris

Unfenced grasslands in temperate and tropical climates that provide forage for animals

Managed grasslands and fences meadows used for grazing livestock

Reduces grass cover, leads to erosion of soil by water and wind, the soil becomes compacted and enhances invasion of plant species that cattle wont eat

Land officially designated as having no serious disturbance from human activities

Protects undeveloped lands, 2% of the lower 48 protected, mostly in the West

Identify key ecosystem services

Invent and maintain habitats for species diversity where people live, work, and play

Belize and the black howler monkeys and protects vital insect pollinators

Uncut, or not disturbed for several hundred years

Reservoirs of biodiversity

Secondary ecological succession

May supply most industrial wood in the future. 1 or 2 species of the same age

Intermediate-aged or mature trees are cut singly or in small groups

Removal of all trees from an area. Most efficient for logging operations to harvest trees and cost

Clear-cutting a strip of trees along the contour of the land

Usually burn leaf litter and undergrowth. May provide food in the form of vegetation that sprouts after fire

Extremely hot so it burns whole trees, kill wildlife, and increase soil erosion

Rising temperatures, trees become more susceptible to diseases and pests, drier forests have more fires, increase in greenhouse gases

Especially in Latin America, Indonesia, and Africa. The main reason for 8,000 tree species are threatened with extinction (10% of the world rate)

A coniferous forest consisting primarily of pine, spruce, and larch trees. That is in Alaska, Canada, Scandinavia, and Russia

Owns and manages protective timberland

Developed a list of environmentally sound practices. Also certifies manufacturers of wood products

Carefully planned & monitored. Set small contained surface fires to remove flammable small trees and underbrush

Eliminate the use of flammable construction materials. Thinning a zone of 60m (200ft) around fire-prone areas

Clear away small fire-prone trees & underbrush under environmental controls. Can leave-behind slash.

Highly flammable debris

Unfenced grasslands in temperate and tropical climates that provide forage for animals

Managed grasslands and fences meadows used for grazing livestock

Reduces grass cover, leads to erosion of soil by water and wind, the soil becomes compacted and enhances invasion of plant species that cattle won’t eat.

Protects undeveloped lands, 2% of the lower 48 protected, mostly in the West.

Identify key ecosystem services. Human activities degrade or overuse 60% of the earth’s natural services

Invent and maintain habitats for species diversity where people live, work, and play

Belize and the black howler monkeys protects vital insect pollinators