Unit 2: Cell Structures, Functions, & Processes Advanced Study Guide

The basic unit of structure and function in living things

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

Control center of the cell

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones.

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

diffusion of water

The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy

the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Mitochondrion, Lysosome, Nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm

Inputs to photosynthesis: CO2, light, H2O Outputs: sugar, O2

inputs: Oxygen and Glucose outputs: Carbon Dioxide, water, ATP

Photosynthesis makes glucose which is used in cellular respiration for making ATP

Passive doesn't require energy and active does

growth, repair, asexual reproduction

ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, lysosomes, cell wall, chloroplasts

ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane, lysosomes

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase