Bio animals quiz

The process of taking nutrients from the digestive system into the blood so they can be used in the body

• amino + acid + variable “R” group

• link up diff. combinations to form diff. proteins -sequence determined by genes

• chain of a/a- polypeptide

• 8/20 are “essential” in diet -12/20 made by human body

• Formed by the liver

• fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

• puckered/ ringed rather than smooth

• approx. 1.5m long

• lack villi

the process of decomposing organic matter by bacteria or by chemical action or heat

1. Amylase (carbs- sugars)

2. Lipase (lipids- fatty acids + glycerol

3. Trypsin ( proteins - amino acids)

the act of excreting unusable or undigested material from a cel

Composed of triglyceride= glycerol + 3 fatty acids

the process of taking food, drink, or another substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it

hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells

an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells

solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

a fluid secreted into the duodenum by the pancreas; important for breaking down starches and proteins and fats

the process of wavelike muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along

any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base

a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth

a fatty acid whose carbon chain can absorb additional hydrogen atoms

• Type of lipid

• e.g cholesterol

• e.g sex hormones testosterone and estrogen

any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism

• type of lipid

• firm yet pliable

• e.g. cutin- waterproof coating for leaves

• e.g. beeswax- to make honeycombs

Your Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the number of calories you burn as your body performs basic (basal) life-sustaining function.

any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants

an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals

any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis

Energy required (kJ) = Mass x Energy factor x Time

an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones

any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules

any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids

an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units

a fatty acid whose carbon chain cannot absorb any more hydrogen atoms; found chiefly in animal fats

1. Absorbs water, minerals, and vitamins

2. House E- coli bacteria that use waste to make vitamins

3. Form feces

4. Moves feces for excretion

1. Caecum

2. Ascending

3. Sigmoid

4. Transverse

5. Descending

6. Rectum

• Aid in digestion and are outside of the alimentary canal

• secrete their contents into the canal via ducts

Secretes 2 products:

1. Pancreatic juice

2. Basic, neutralizes stomach acid

3. Contains digestive enzymes

• small as a finger

• stores bile when stomach is empty

1. Forms bile

2. Converts glucose - glycogen (stored form)

3. Detoxifies blood

4. Breaks down hemoglobin from RBCs - brown feces

• Physical process

• smaller fat droplets increase surface area for lipase action

1. Fats present in small intestine

2. Gall bladder releases bladder

3. Bile salts break down large globs of fat

-Makes up 2/3 of human body mass

• transports nutrients to cells

• lubricates tissues and joints

• regulates body temperature

• transports waste

• major component of blood and mucus

any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules a) sucrose b) maltose c) lactose

Long chains of monosaccharide molecules a) starch b) cellulose c) glycogen d) chitin

any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids

-organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxylic acid group

• 8/20 are “essential” in diet

• 12/20 made by human body

• Where digestion begins

• food chewed and formed into bolus by the tongue

• short tube shared by digestive glands and respiratory system

• passageway for food between mouth and esophagus

a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing