Socratic 9 Mr. Simmons

"Old Stone Age"

Simple stone tools, hunter gatherers, lasted about 2.5 million years.

"New Stone Age"

More farming, polished stone tools, but focus on the farming.

When people started farming, and living in the same area, (not hunter gathering).

Use of Bronze, some writing, Mycenaean Greece.

Jericho* (note: * means the thing is uncertain/contented.)

Sumer

Rivers that "surrounded" the Turkey/Syria area, also surrounded Sumer

Allowed Sumer to prosper as much as it did, also flooded (important for literature there)

Area formed between the Euphrates & Tigris

Social structure, Government, Cities, Writing/Records, Mythos, Art/Culture

An Ancient Sumerian book, read in class

One of the largest records we have of Sumerian society, huge influence on the western world (and maybe eastern world, idk)

City in Sumer, famous for walls and ziggurats

"I give, so you will give"

Sumerians (and other cultures) would sacrifice to the Gods, so the Gods would give back

Size of a city, owns its own land, may have its own culture, (usually) have their own governments

Ancient writings (Sumerian), imprints on clay

A step pyramid, mesopotamian

War captives: slaves taken from war, Birth: people born into slavery, Debt slavery: taking someone into slavery because they can't pay a debt, Wage-slave: completely dependent on wage received, Voluntarily slavery (indentured servitude): going into slavery to repay a debt, or other things

Sumerian sky god, kinda the worst

Sumerian god of love, also the worst

Sumerian god of knowledge, pretty nice

Takes over Sumer, was Akkadian (Sargon of Akkad)

Child of Sargon, wrote a bunch of temple hymns, was Akkadian

Phrases in law, phrased in if/then format (if you eat a child, then you will go to jail)

Creates a certain type of law that has a lot of loopholes. Also used in Sumerian society

Eye for an eye style of punishment

A code made by Hammurabi, full of Casuistic phrases. Was the origin for HUGE parts of modern law/western culture

A delegated form of government, read Kafka for the features of it. Used in Egypt a lot

Place in Africa/Middle East

Humongous civilization, no way I can put it in a quizlet definition

River, notable for being in Egypt, and also being able to travel both ways. You can travel up using currents, and down using wind

Egypt, but old. When the big pyramids were built

Egypt, but middle. Change in view of pharaoh

Not very new, around 2000-1200 B.C.E. (important for the Greeks)

Someone being king/monarch/whatever because God made them. Also has a king's son being next king

Divine Right to Rule is a problem, because there is no certainty with the leader of the area being competent, (at least from an atheistic view)

Pharaoh of Egypt during the Old period, used religion to get his people to cooperate

Slaves at the bottom, Peasants bottom middle, Merchants/other things in that vein, Middle top Nobles & Priests, Top Pharaoh

Head of the Egyptian bureaucracy (title, not name)

How Egyptian sculptures were made, having a front foot forward, and very uncomfortable to be in

How some later Greek sculptures were, usually comes after a culture does unrelieved frontality, when they get bored of it. People doing people things, not standing uncomfortably

Sumer, Egyptians (everywhere), Hebrew, Phoenicians, Assyrians

Very mean people, in Northern Mesopotamia, militarily powerful

When the Babylonian empire took over Jerusalem

It caused Jewish culture to change, and also the writing in the Old Testament

Took over Jerusalem, leader of the Babylonian empire, and builds hanging gardens

Omnipotent, influenced Greek Literature a lot, but they had more power than humans

Hellens.

A nick-name, especially in Greek writings (Iliad, Odyssey, etc...)

God of the underworld in Greek culture

Tityus, Sisyphus, Ixion

Meter (specifically, dactylic pentameter), Repetition, and moral values

Honor, Order, Reputation in Greek society

(2400-1450 BCE), when Homer was writing about (not writing in), beta form of Greek, existed on the island of Crete, and other Aegean islands

(1450-1150 BCE), when Homer wrote

(1150-750 BCE), we had a lack of records during this time

City state

Old

Spanning across the hellenistic period

Athens was a city state in Greece, that was a big deal. They had a lot of academic growth (SPA was from here), and they were the leader of the Daelean League

Sparta was a city state in Greece, big deal. Very well known for their army, and they also had a MASSIVE slave group. They were a monarchy

Athens was famously a democracy, until they lost the Peloponnesian war, then they democratically voted to convert to a monarchy

Sparta was a monarchy, where they had 2 kings, one for fighting, and the other for staying at home, the Gerousia (old people on council) were on council, and the Ephors could kick out the king, there were about 50 of them

1. If they looked like a good kid, they weren't killed. 2. 0-6 they spent time with their mom. 3. 7-11 They went to scout camp. 4. 12-18 more scout camp, but more intense. 5. 18, Junior soldier. Married at 20. 6. A full Spartan at 30+

Greek word for a Spartan slave (that is, a slave in Sparta, not a Spartan slave)

Greek word for training (see Spartan training)

Someone who loves Greek culture (literally, lover of Greek)

Asia minor (western turkey). Where Troy is, and culturally very Greek

Currency that has assigned value

Currency that has value assigned by the material that it's made of (gold coins)

A Lydian king, who wanted to achieve happiness. Goes to the oracle at Delphi tells him a great empire will fall. He thinks it's a different empire, but it's his own (Lydian)

Akkad, Assyria, Babylonia, Medes, Lydians, Persians

Cyrus (freed Jews), Darius I, Xerxes, and later Darius III (lost to Alexander)

When western cities, under Persian rule, revolted against Persia, and asked Greece for help. This began the Persian wars

A phrase that signals submissiveness. Persia famously tells Sparta this, and Sparta kills the guy who says it

A political person in Ancient Greece. He convinces the Greek democracy to get a navy, while being a good choice, demonstrates how easily influenced a democracy can be

Persia (Darius) retaliates against Greece from the Ionian revolt. Phedippides runs from Athens to Sparta to deliver news. Greece claps Persia, with around 6000 Persians dead, and 192 Greeks dead

Comes after Darius, and starts another invasion of Greece. This one also does not work. Also extremely indecisive

Pride, to a fault. The "antidote" is nemesis (God)

Spartans send 300 soldiers to this battle, all 300 die. Part of the Persian wars

In one day, Reversal of fortune from good to bad, Elevated diction, Characters are good, not too good, Catharsis of fear and pity

Allies in the hegemony joined up, got a ton of money (640 talents per year), and 640 ships. Athens is the leader, and the center is Delos

Sparta is envious of the Delian league, and starts their own league. Eventually every city-state joins either the Peloponnesian League, or the Delian League

Period of around 50 years in Ancient Greece, between the Persian wars, and the Peloponnesian war

Delian league holds it's members hostage, they run by fear, they are operating under the ironic democratic imperialism philosophy, struggling in general

A city-state that tried to leave the Delian League, Athens beat them up, and made them pay money

1. Bronze Age 1a. Minoan Crete, 1b. Mycenean Greece. 2. Dark age. 3. Archaic. 4. Classical 4a. Golden. 5. 4th Century Greece. 6. Hellenistic period

They start asking questions, and systematically answer them

Study of the individual

Shows restraint, simple, not in excess (Kritian Boy)

HUGE, Shows people that aren't the ideal human form

Earliest, simplest, no base, simple capital

Has a base, fancy capital, entasis, columns are taller

A bulge in the middle of a column

Capital is extremely fancy, has a cornice, Romans like this type

"Love of Wisdom"