Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Solid, liquid, gas

Element, compound, homogeneous mixture, heterogeneous mixture

Has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

Substance which can not be decomposed into simpler substances

Substance which can be decomposed to simpler substances because it is made up of more than one element

The relative number of atoms of each element in the compound is the same in any sample

exhibit properties of the substances that make them

has the same composition throughout the sample

varies in composition throughout a sample, components distinguishable

Observed without changing a substance into another substance

Observed when a substance is changed into another substance

Independent of the amount of the substance present, i.e. colour

Dependent on the amount of substance present, i.e. mass, volume

Changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance

Changes in matter that result in a new substance

Solid substances are separated from liquids and solutions

Uses differences in boiling points to separate a homogeneous mixture into its components

Uses differences in ability of substances to adhere to solid surfaces to separate a homogeneous mixture into its components

Capacity to do work or transfer heat, Joule (J)

Energy transferred when a force is exerted on an object causing displacement

Energy used to cause temperature of an object to increase

Any push or pull on an object

Energy of motion, KE=1/2 x m x v^2

Stored energy, depends on its relative position compared to other objects

Hotness and coldness of an object K= *C + 273.15

Counter or given by definition

Depend on how they were determines, prone to equipment errors, human errors

Measurement of how closely individual measurements agree with one another

Measurement of how closely individual measurements agree with the correct or “true” value