AP Gov amendments

voting age no higher than 18

powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states/people

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

passed in 1913 and explicitly permits Congress to levy an income tax.

allows voters to cast direct votes for senators; used to be selected by state legislatures.

prohibition

separate Electoral College votes for President and Vice President

"lame duck;" newly elected presidents and Congress start closer to the date of elections. Establishes Congress' inauguration January 3 and President's inauguration as January 20.

Solidified the 2 term limit, which was originally just a tradition. If the VP serves less than 1/2 of the President's term he can be elected twice on his own and if Vp serves more than 1/2 he can only be elected once; max is 10 years.

procedures for filling VP vacancy and outlines how a president can take back office after fully recuperated.

speech, press, religion, assembly, petition

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

right to bear arms

rights of the accused (due process)

• Protects us from unreasonable search and seizure

• Warrants needed in most situations:

  • Home/office/cellphone

USA Freedom Act: bans bulk collection of telecommunication metadata (from Patriot Act)

exclusionary rule: Mapp v Ohio

Protections for the accused (due process)

• Grand jury hearing  (serious crimes)

• Double Jeopardy

• Self-Incrimination (miranda rights)

• Due process (“life, liberty, property”)

Eminent domain (protects property)

Rights of persons on trial (due process)

• Speedy trial, Public trial

• Trial by jury in criminal cases

• Knowing the charges

• Confronting witnesses

• Calling defense witnesses

• Right to legal counsel

giden v wainwright

• Excessive fines and bail

• Cruel and unusual punishment

(Death penalty is a state choice)

eliminate poll taxes

right to jury

no slavery or involuntary servitude unless as punishment for crime

right to vote can’t be denied based on race or servitude

suffrage for women

people in DC can vote