Studied by 141 peopleThe Columbian Exchange was:
the transatlantic flow of plants, animals, and germs that began after Christopher Columbus reached the New World.
When Native Americans first encountered Europeans, what led to the European diseases being so deadly?
Centuries of continental isolation meant the Native Americans had no immunity.
Which indigenous group formed the Great League of Peace?*
Iroquois
The Black Legend described:
Spain as a uniquely brutal colonizer.
According to Bartolomé de Las Casas:
Spain had caused the deaths of millions of innocent people in the New World.
Maryland was established as a refuge for which group?
Catholics
What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity?
Tobacco
How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?
It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage.
The Half-Way Covenant of 1662:
did not require evidence of conversion to grant a kind of church membership.
Roger Williams argued that:
church and state must be totally separated.
When comparing the Chesapeake colonies to the New England settlements
there were more indentured servants in the Chesapeake region.
According to New England Puritans, witchcraft:
resulted from pacts that women made with the devil to obtain supernatural powers or interfere with natural processes.
When the Virginia House of Burgesses decreed that religious conversion did not release a slave from bondage:
it meant that, under Virginia law, Christians could own other Christians.
Bacon's Rebellion contributed to which of the following in Virginia?
The replacing of indentured servants with African slaves on Virginia's plantations.
Why did Massachusetts have its charter revoked by Charles II?
Charles did not like Massachusetts's violations of Navigation laws
What was one of Pennsylvania's only restrictions on religious liberty?
Holding office required an oath affirming a belief in Jesus Christ, which eliminated Jews from serving.
"Salutary neglect" meant:
British governments left the colonies largely alone to govern themselves.
In the eighteenth century how was freedom of the press viewed?
Governments in both England and the colonies viewed it as dangerous.
The participants in South Carolina's Stono Rebellion:
included some who apparently had been soldiers in Africa.
What was the Middle Passage?
It was the second leg of the trans-Atlantic trade.
The most famous Great Awakening revivalist minister was:
George Whitefield.
Virtual representation was the idea
that each member of Britain's House of Commons represented the entire empire, not just his own district.
The French and Indian War began because some American colonists felt that:
France was encroaching on land claimed by the Ohio Company.
The Boston Massacre occurred when British soldiers:
fired into a mob and killed a number of Boston residents.
Why were colonial assemblies critical of the Albany Plan of Union?
They felt their respective colonial assemblies would lose power.
The Stamp Act created such a stir in the colonies because:
it was the first direct tax Parliament imposed on the colonies.
What was the primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763?
To bring stability to the colonial frontier.
"Republican motherhood" was an ideology that held that:
women played an indispensable role in the new nation by training future citizens.
Which state's constitution granted suffrage to all "inhabitants" who met a property qualification, allowing property-owning women to vote until an 1807 amendment limited suffrage to males?
New Jersey
Ultimately, the American Revolution did what to slavery?
It saw an actual increase of slavery by 1790.
In regard to rights for women, Abigail Adams:
believed laws should not ignore women
What policy did the new United States pursue in its dealings with Native Americans?
The U.S. government set out to dispossess the Native Americans of their remaining rich lands and drive them westward.
Why did the founding fathers create the electoral college?
They did not trust ordinary voters to choose the president and vice president directly.
the three-fifths clause in the U.S. Constitution:
gave the white South greater power in national affairs than the size of its free population warranted.
Under the Articles of Confederation, what would be considered an accomplishment of the national government?
Passing ordinances for establishing settlement of western territory.
Which of the following was a characteristic of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation?
Congress could not levy taxes or regulate commerce.
Regarding slavery, the Northwest Ordinance of 1787:
banned slavery in the area north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River.
How would one describe the men who attended the Constitutional Convention?
Most had more wealth than the average American.
Shays's Rebellion was significant because it demonstrated:
the need for a stronger central government
What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
Through Jefferson's urging, Americans were prohibited from sending ships to foreign ports.
Women who worked at the Lowell mills:
lived in closely supervised boardinghouses.
What was the most important export from the United States by the mid-nineteenth century?
Cotton
Which of the following is true of the Louisiana Purchase?
Jefferson expected the land acquisition to make possible the spread of agrarian republicanism.
The role of a white middle-class woman in antebellum America was primarily to:
focus her energies on the home and children.
After becoming president, how did Thomas Jefferson deal with the Federalists?
He tried to roll back almost everything they had done by cutting taxes and the size of government.
The nullification crisis ended:
with a compromise tariff.
Andrew Jackson's inauguration was:
a large, rowdy event
The practice of giving a political office to someone based on party loyalty is called:
the spoils system.
Under the Missouri Compromise of 1820:
the remaining Louisiana Purchase territory was divided into slave and free zones.
Henry Clay was charged with orchestrating a "corrupt bargain" during the 1824 election so that he could become:
secretary of state.
In its decision in McCulloch v. Maryland, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:
the Second Bank of the United States was constitutional.
The Monroe Doctrine:
declared the Americas off-limits for further European colonization.
What was the biggest change in American society during the Age of Jackson?
Sovereignty for white males was more fully realized.
What economic effect did southern slavery have on the North?
Southern slavery helped finance industrialization and internal improvements in the North.
Southern farmers in the backcountry:
generally worked the land using family labor.
John C. Calhoun and George Fitzhugh:
agreed that slavery was not a necessary evil but something actually positive and good.
In response to the Nat Turner Rebellion, many southern states passed laws
Against educating black people
The plantation masters had many means to maintain order among their slaves. According to the text, what was the most powerful weapon the plantation masters had?
The threat of sale
Harriet Tubman:
was a fugitive slave who risked her life many times to bring others out of slavery.
How did the Second Great Awakening influence American society?
It inspired some to combat the sins of society, such as alcoholism.
What did reformers commonly believe about prisons and asylums?
That they could rehabilitate individuals and then release them back into society.
Like Indian removal, the colonization of former slaves rested on the premise that America:
was fundamentally a white society.
Who in Congress worked tirelessly to end the gag rule?
John Quincy Adams
Frederick Douglass wrote, "When the true history of the antislavery cause shall be written, __________ will occupy a large space in its pages."
Women
Angelina and Sarah Grimké:
critiqued the prevailing notion of separate spheres for men and women.
The Seneca Falls Convention's Declaration of Sentiments was modeled after:
The Declaration of Independence.
Senator. John J. Crittenden's attempt at compromise failed because
Lincoln refused to compromise on the extension of slavery into the territories
The most critical questions that emerged in the aftermath of the War with Mexico was
What to do about slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico
The American party of the mid 1850s (the know- nothings) drew its primary support from those who feared
Foreigners
In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president with
Less than a majority of popular votes and a majority of electoral votes
In the Dred Scott decision the Supreme Court ruled that
Dred Scott was not a United States citizen
The proposal for popular sovereignty call for deciding the issue of slavery in the territories through a
Decision by the residents in each territory
Which of the following was a feature common to both the Confederate draft and the Union draft?
Both allowed the hiring of substitutes
Which of the following is true of the Civil War
Modern long-range rifles are one explanation for the high number of causalities
During the Civil War, the North differed from the South in which of the following respects?
The South became poorer; the North remained prosperous
In the American West, the Civil War marked the beginning of
Prolonged warfare against Native American peoples in the region
Suspension of the writ of habeas corpus for all people living between Washington and Philadelphia provides evidence of which of the following
Presidential power increased during the Civil War
Which of the following is true of the Emancipation Proclamation?
It freed slaves only in those areas in which the federal government exercised no control
Northern women made up most of the volunteers who ran the thousands of auxiliaries of this organization during the Civil War
The US Sanitary commision
The Fifteenth Amendment
Stipulated that states could not deny the right to vote on the basis of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
The 1868 indictment handed down by the House Judiciary Committee against Andrew Johnson concentrated on his
Violation of the Tenure of Office Act
In order to have the truly independent, self-sufficient life they wanted, many freedmen sought
Land of their own
Which statement about the People's Party is FALSE?
It emerged as an urban, middle-class vehicle for social, economic, and political reform.
Which institution was hardest hit by the Redeemers once they assumed power in the South?
Public Schools
In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington:
encouraged black people to adjust to segregation.
"New Immigrants"
arrived in large numbers from the Russia and the Austro-Hungarian empires.
Why did the South fail to attract significant economic development in the wake of Reconstruction?
Investors came to the South for cheap labor and low taxes, so they made few capital investments in the region.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:
was the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the United States.
Plessy v. Ferguson:
sanctioned racial segregation.
The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 provided Native Americans with
Land allotments to individual families
Which of the following was instrumental in ending open-range ranching?
The invention of barbed wire in 1873
Why did railroad companies and other businesses form "pools" during the American Gilded Age?
They hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors.
Why was William Tweed so popular with the city's immigrant poor?
He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes.
The Civil Service Act of 1883:
created a merit system for government workers.
Which of the following properly compares the United States Supreme Court's approach to organization in business and labor during the Gilded Age?
While the court applied the Sherman Antitrust Act to break down unions, it proved unwilling to endorse any regulation of big business.
Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?
The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.
The Fourteenth Amendment provided that a state that did not allow African Americans to vote would
Have its congressional representation proportionally reduced
The outcome of the disputed presidential election of 1876 was significant because it
Brought an end to Reconstruction
The term scalawag was used to describe
Native white southerners who cooperated with the Republicans
After the Civil War, most African American farmers eventually worked
As sharecroppers
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