Unit 7 Renaissance & Reformation

What did the Renaissance focus on?

Humanism

What were the innovations of the Renaissance? (3)

Art, literature, and science

What did classical heritage do for Renaissance Italy?

It gave them inspiration

Who was the first mafia family?

The Medici family

Who were the Medicis?

Powerful Florentine Banking family

How did the church attempt to improve their image to the public?

They spent huge amounts of money on art

What did art demonstrate?

The importance of the individual

What types of themes did art portray? (2)

Religious and secular

Leonardo da Vinci is considered the master of...

Master of Symmetry; also considered a true Renaissance Man

What is a Renaissance man?

a man who excelled/ is the best in many fields

Atmospherical

Deep perpective

What type of facial expression did Raphael use in his art?

Serene(calm)

What does Renaissance mean?

rebirth/revival

The Renaissance was the rebirth of what?

The revival of classical(Ancient Rome & Greece) culture

Humanism

Focus on human potential and achievements

The exchange of ideas leads to...

Revolution

What type of colors did Raphael use?

Bold/vivid colors

Raphael was considered a master of...

master of perspective & symmetry

What figures of the School of Athens by Raphael include?

Figures from the ancient world as well as those from the renaissance

Michelangelo was considered a master...

Master sculptor

Michelangelo's art showed expressions of...

Sadness and serenity

Michelangelo's sculptures showed emphasis on... (2)

Human form and anatomical correctness

Michelangelo's sculpture (Creation of Adam) was made for who?

Pope Julius ||

Frescoes

Paintings made on wet plaster walls

How many, and what type of people did Pieter Bruegel paint?

Large numbers of people, peasants

Vernacular

Everyday language of ordinary people (common language)

What did Dante write?

Divine Comedy

What did Dante write in?

The vernacular, Italian. Not Latin

What's another name for William Shakespeare?

The Bard

How many plays and sonnets did Shakespeare write/compose?

37 plays, 154 sonnets

Who was Shakespeare's patroness?

Queen Elizabeth I

Satire

Using exaggeration to make fun of humanity/human behavior

What did Niccolo Machiavelli write?

The Prince (1513), (a political guidebook asking how do rules get power)

What did Niccolo Machiavelli believe? (2)

"The end justifies the means", and that people praise trustworthiness but in the real world one must be misleading to achieve success

Utopia

perfect society; “good place”/“no place”

What influenced Thomas Moore's idea of utopia?

Plato's Republic

The idea of utopia implied the idea of...

Socialism

Socialism

Everyone working together for the pleasure of the whole world

What did Erasmus write?

The Praise of Folly

Who did Erasmus dedicate Praise of Folly for?

Thomas Moore

Thomas Moore and Erasmus are...

Christian humanists

Who made the printing press and when?

Johannes Gutenberg in 1440

Where did the printing press take place?

Mainz, Germany

What was the printing press based on?

Chinese design

When did Gutenberg print the Bible, and what was it called?

1445, Gutenberg Bible

Why was the printing press important?

Books became faster to print, cheaper, and therefore, more accessible to the public

What the was music of the renaissance influenced by?

Humanism

Why was education is music so important?

Because all must have been musically trained in order to compose music correctly

Homophonic

Same sound, one melody being passed around

word painting

Words match with music (happy w/ happy, sad w/ sad)

What were the causes for the criticism of the church? (3)

Popes were corrupt, poorly educated priests, people began to call for reform

Friar

A member of a catholic religious order

Indulgence

Pardon for sins

Martin Luther got into a fight with who in 1517?

Johann Tetzel

Why did Luther get into a fight with Tetzel

Bc Tetzel was selling indulgences

What did Luther do to make the public aware of how wrong indulgences were?

Posted 95 Theses on the cathedral door (cathedral is in center of town)

Reformation

A movement of religious reform away from the authority of the pope

What country did the word of Luther spread to?

Germany

What did Lutheranism imply? (3)

1. People could only win salvation by having faith in God's forgiveness 2. All church teaching should be based solely on the Bible 3. Priests are not needed because all people of faith are equal

Heretic

Speaking out against the church

Who threaten to excommunicate Luther?

People Leo X

Who declared Luther an outlaw?

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

When Luther was put on trial, what was the verdict?

Not guilty

Who supported Luther?

German princes

Why did German princes support Luther? (4)

Bc they wanted power, churches land, and independence from HREmperor; or they simple believed

Who fought the Protestant princes in 1529, and what was the outcome?

Princes loyal to the pope, HREmperor Charles V won in 1547

What were Henry VII|'s opinions on Luther?

He did not like him

What was Henry V||| named by the church?

Defender of the Faith

Protestant

Catholic religion led by someone that's not the pope

Annulment

A declaration by a church tribunal system that says that a marriage was not valid

Act of Supremacy

Monarch is head of the Church of England. Allowed Henry VIII to be head.

Describe Henry V|||'s situation with Catherine of Aragon

Henry and Catherine married, and had a daughter (Mary). Henry needed a male heir and decided to separate from Catherine bc she gave him a daughter

Who gave Henry V||| his 2nd daughter, Elizabeth?

Anne Boleyn who was beheaded for insect and adulatory that she most likely did not commit

Who gave Henry V||| his 1st son?

Jane Seymour, she died 2 weeks after giving birth

When Elizabeth | becomes queen, what did she do? (2)

Kept aspects of Protestant & Catholic faith, created modern Anglican Church(Church of England)

What did the impacts of the reformation do for the church?

Revived catholic moral authority (strict penalties from corrupt popes, church control interpretation of Bible, education for priests)

Jesuits

To Jesus through education

What was the result of the reformation?

Catholic Church regained followers, but Europe was divided

Who was Henry VIII’s first wife

Catherine of Aragon

Who was Henry VIII’s second wife

Anne Boleyn

Who was Henry VIII’s third wife

Jane Seymour

Northern Renaissance art

best known for realistic oil paintings that often focused on natural observations and linear perspective.

Italian renaissance art

classical styles and ideas (specifically humanism), return to the naturalistic style (3D objects and space), and the rising status of the individual (both artist and patron).