AQA GCSE Economics Terms And Definitions - Microeconomics

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Average Cost

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65 Terms

1

Average Cost

Cost per unit of production.

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2

Average Revenue

Revenue per unit sold.

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3

Building Society

Mutual financial institution owned by members.

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4

Capital

Human-made aids to production.

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5

Competition

Rivalry among firms for consumer sales.

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6

Consumer

User of goods or services.

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7

Demand

Desire and ability to buy goods or services.

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8

Economic Choice

Allocation of scarce resources.

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9

Economic Problem

Allocation of limited resources to satisfy unlimited wants.

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10

Economies of Scale

Cost advantages from increased production.

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11

Efficiency

Optimal use of scarce resources.

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12

Elastic Demand

Demand sensitive to price changes.

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13

Elastic Supply

Supply responsive to price changes.

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14

Enterprise

Organizes other factors of production.

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15

Equilibrium

Balance of demand and supply.

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16

Good

Tangible product.

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17

Government

Authority managing a country's affairs.

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18

Gross Pay

Earnings before deductions.

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19

Income Tax

Tax on personal income.

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20

Individual Demand

Personal demand for goods or services.

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21

Individual Supply

Personal supply of goods or services.

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22

Inelastic Demand

Demand less sensitive to price changes.

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23

Inelastic Supply

Supply less responsive to price changes.

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24

Information Provision

Government providing data to influence behavior.

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25

Insurance

Premium for compensation against loss.

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26

Labour

Workforce in physical and mental production.

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27

Labour Market

Where labor is bought and sold.

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28

Land

Natural resources.

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29

Law of Demand

Inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.

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30

Law of Supply

Direct relationship between price and quantity supplied.

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31

Legislation

Laws regulating behavior.

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32

Loss

Negative profit.

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33

Market

Meeting place for buyers and sellers.

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34

Market Demand

Total demand for a good or service.

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35

Market Economy

Allocation of resources by supply and demand.

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36

National Insurance

Contribution for state benefits.

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37

Need

Essential for survival.

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38

Negative Externality

Harmful effect on third parties.

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39

Net Pay

Earnings after deductions.

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40

Oligopoly

Market dominated by few firms.

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41

Opportunity Cost

Value of next best alternative.

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42

Pension

Post-retirement payments.

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43

Positive Externality

Beneficial effect on third parties.

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44

Price Elasticity of Demand

Responsiveness of demand to price changes.

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45

Price Elasticity of Supply

Responsiveness of supply to price changes.

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46

Primary Sector

Extraction of natural resources.

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47

Producer

Maker of goods or provider of services.

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48

Product Market

Final goods or services market.

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49

Production

Output of goods and services.

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50

Regulation

Rules governing behavior.

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51

Scarce Resources

Insufficient to satisfy all wants.

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52

Secondary Sector

Manufacturing and construction.

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53

Service

Intangible product.

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54

Shift of Demand/Supply

Change in entire demand/supply curve.

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55

Specialization

Concentration on producing best-suited products.

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56

State Provision

Government directly providing goods and services.

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57

Subsidy

Government grant to encourage consumption.

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58

Supply

Willingness and ability to provide goods and services.

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59

Supply of Labour

Number of people willing and able to work.

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60

Tax

Mandatory payment to the government.

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61

Tertiary Sector

Service-oriented economic activities.

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62

Total Cost

Sum of all costs.

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63

Total Revenue

Total income from sales.

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64

Unlimited Wants

Infinite desire for goods and services.

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65

Want

Non-essential desire.

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