biology final

saturated fat

unsaturated fat

monomer: monosaccharides

elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

subunit: C6H12O6

bonds: covalent

example: glucose, fructose

monomer: amino acids

elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

subunits: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

bonds: covalent, hydrogen

example: meat, cheese, beans

monomer: glycerol/fatty acids

elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

subunits: unsaturated, saturated

bonds: covalent

example: oil, earwax, butter

monomer: nucleotides

elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

subunits: DNA, RNA

bonds: covalent, hydrogen

example: adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

true

true

true

true

a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

gathers information that is not in numerical form quant

information that can be measured and written down with numbers

1. all living organisms are composed of one or more cells

2. cells are the basic unit of life

3. cells arise from pre-existing cells

protect the cell from its surroundings; made of phospholipid bilayer and contains channels(made of protein) that help move substances across the membrane

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

a solution where the concentration of solutes is greater than inside the cell, and water is less concentrated than the inside of the cell

a solution where the concentration of solutes is less than inside the cell, and water is more concentrated than the inside of the cell

a solution where the concentration of solutes is the same as the inside of the cell, and water is equally concentrated inside and outside of the cell

the diffusion of water when solutes are unable to pass through a semipermeable membrane

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of already high concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy

sodium-potassium pump exchanges 3 Na+ ions for 2k+ ions against their concentration gradients by using one ATP for energy

a form of bulk active transport, in which the cell surrounds an object using its cell membrane and engulfs it so it can consume it to obtain nourishment/fight infection

“eating” larger particles

“drinking” smaller particles

6H2O+6CO2+energy-->C6H12O6+6O2

C6H12O6+6O2-->6H2O+6CO2+energy

water and carbon dioxide

sugar and oxygen

sugar and oxygen

water and carbon dioxide

• glycolysis(2 ATP)

• krebs cycle(2 ATP)

• electron transport chain(34 ATP)

light energy strikes chlorophyll and splits H2O to release O2 to generate ATP

uses ATP from photosynthesis to synthesize C6H12O6 from CO2

a process where the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane within the cell membrane

high polarity, adhesion, cohesion, lower density as a solid, high specific heat, capillary action

small molecules that can join together in a repeating pattern to form complex molecules(polymers)

substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

a substance which acts as a catalyst to bring on a chemical reaction

when the structure of a protein changes in result of excessive acid or temperature; can be temporary or permanent

factory where proteins from ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their destinations

rid cells of waste products

generates most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical reactions

converts light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via photosynthesis

in the mitochondria

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

a state in which opposing forces or actions are balanced so that one is not stronger or greater than the other

diffusion of large and/or polar particles through protein channel or carrier protein

animal cell shrivels when placed in hypertonic solution

force within plant cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

animal cells burst when exposed to hypotonic solution

transmembrane proteins that are involved in the active transport of ions against the gradient of concentration across membranes

type of bond where 1 atom transfers electron to another; opposites attract

Substrate-specific changes by the active site to make a reaction happen

(least to most specific) domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species; dear king phillip come over for good soup

respond to stimuli, grow and change, evolution, reproduction, complex chemistry, homeostasis, cellular structure, use of energy(metabolism), genetic information

cells, membranes, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes

a medium for chemical reaction

the site of protein synthesis

the repository of genetic information; the cell's control center

protein synthesis, transport, and folding, lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and calcium storage