Biology EOC

A ridged structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protists, and most bacteria

contains chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

The DNA in a non-dividing cell; uncoiled chromosomes

DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

A short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion

The gelatin like aqueous fluid that bathes the organelles on the inside of the cell membrane

A whip-like structure made up of microtubles that function in locomotion

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens for export by the cell

A organelle containing digestive enzymes, existing primarily in animal cells

The organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells; FOLDS=More Surface Area=More ENERGY

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

The structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assemble; found in most nuclei

the site of protein synthesis

A membrane that keeps some molecules out but allows others to pass through

A fluid filled organelle that stores water & food; plants have enzymes of metabolic waste material

the difference of a concentration of substance across a space

an organelle in protists that expels/regulates water

the process, by which, molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space

a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins; passive-requires NO Energy

describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell; water moves out & cell shrinks

describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that inside a cell; water moves in & cell swells

describing a solution whose solute concentration is equal that inside a cell; water moves in & out at a constant rate (equilibrium)

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of cell energy

water pressure within a plant cell

the movement of a substance across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient; requires the cell to expend energy (APT)

the process by which the cell surrounds and engulfs substances

a process in which a vesicle inside the cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents into the external environment

a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solutes or fluids

a carrier protein that actively transports K+ ions into and Na+ ions out of cells; active transport/requires energy

a membrane-bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within a cell.

a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life

the phospholipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of a cell

a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

In a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains DNA & stores the information for making proteins

one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; BACTERIA

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area

the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area

number of individuals per unit area

largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

population growth pattern where a population grows faster as it increases in size; J-curve

factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease or stop at a given density

growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth; S-Curve

synthesis of carbohydrate (glucose) from chemicals (energy source), carbon dioxide, and water

the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it (+0)

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

the relation between two different species of organisms that both benefit (++)

an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant)

the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (+-)

any animal that lives by preying on other animals

animal hunted or caught for food

any relationship in which two species live closely together with mutalism, commensalism, parasitism

an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms

organisms in an ecosystem that break down organic material (dead organisms, their waste, etc.)

(ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member

(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

the bottom of the energy pyramid; includes any organism that makes its own food from raw materials

each step in a food chain or food web

reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent; Examples: mitosis, binary fission, budding, fragmentation

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. These use energy from the sun or from chemicals to make food

(biology) the structural adaptation of cells for a particular function; signals activate/"turn on" specific genes

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; stores information for making proteins

a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment

(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms; occurs through Natural Selection

(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a specific polypeptide chain/protein

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment; "survival of the fittest"

the process by which plants and some other organisms use light/radient energy to power chemical reactions that convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates (glucose)

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete; causes diversity/variation

the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life

enzymes reduce this to speed up reactions

proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions; usually end in -ase; VERY SPECIFIC

a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. nitrogen); holds the 2 sides of DNA together

principal chemical compound that cell use as energy

any very large complex molecules that make up living things; Carbs., Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids

a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers; smallest unit

any compound of carbon and hydrogen

made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers

monomer of Proteins; link together by peptide bonds to make polypeptides/proteins

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are the main/1st energy source of living things, they are also called ("sugars"); usually end in -ose

form part of a lipid molecule

the hydrocarbon end of a fatty acid molecule (water loving); head of the phospholipid

the fatty acid chains of a lipid (water hating); tails of the phospholipid

macromolecules used for long term energy storage (2nd Source), cell membranes, and insulation

The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars

stores & delivers the information for making proteins; which gives you your traits/characteristics

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

used to connect 2 amino acids together

makes up the bi-layer of the cell membrane

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds; Protein

carbohydrate chains made up of monosaccharide molecules

macromolecule that provides structure and functional processes for the cells; made up of amino acids

single strand nucleic acid with the bases A, U, C, G; delivers information for making proteins

a lipid; cholesterol