Unit 5 APHUG Vocab

Large corporation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry

The cultivation and harvesting of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions

Explains how the demand for and price of land decrease as its distance from the central business district increases

Systematic documentation of property ownership

A crop raised to be sold for profit rather than to feed the farm family and the livestock; common cash crops are cotton

A dense cluster of offices and shops located at a city's most accessible point

Seeds that come from a wide variety of grasses cultivated around the world

A tightly bunched farm settlement that has anywhere from a few dozen to several hundred inhabitants

The interaction and widespread transfer of plants

Farming oriented exclusively toward the production of agricultural commodities for sale in the market

A primary agricultural product or raw material that is bought

A series of links connecting a commodity's many places of production and distribution

Animal rearing system that confines livestock (such as cattle

The act of mixing different species or varieties of plants or animals to produce hybrids

A farming system that specializes in the breeding

A settlement pattern in which families live relatively distant from one another

An animal that depends on people for food and shelter and is different from its wild ancestors in looks and behavior as a result of close contact with humans

A plant that is deliberately planted

Planting another crop on the same plot of land as soon as the first crop has been harvested

Crop cultivation and livestock rearing systems that require little hired labor or monetary investment to successfully raise crops and animals

A certification program that supports good crop prices for farmers and environmentally sound farming practices

A fenced enclosure used for intensive livestock feeding that serves to limit livestock movement and associated weight loss

Area in Southwest Asia that includes the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates; the earliest center for domestication of seed plants

Period during which the early domestication and diffusion of plants and animals and the cultivation of seed crops led to the development of agriculture

Area with limited access to fresh

A living organism

A highly mechanized commercial farming system that specializes in the production of cereal grains; requires large farms and widespread use of machinery

The U.S.-supported development of high-yield seed varieties that increased the productivity of cereal crops and accompanying agricultural technologies for transfer to less developed countries

A center where innovations or new practices develop and from which the innovations or new practices spread or diffuse

Pesticide designed to kill or inhibit the growth of unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops

The offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties

Crop cultivation and livestock rearing systems that use high levels of labor and capital relative to the size of the landholding

The farming practice of planting multiple crops together in the same clearing

Farming that relies on the controlled application of water to cultivated fields

A large-scale farm oriented exclusively toward the production of agricultural commodities for sale in the market

A settlement pattern in which buildings are arranged in a line

The practice of using extensive tracts of land to rear herds of livestock to sell as meat

A unit-block surveying system whose basic unit is a rectangle that is typically 10 times longer than it is wide

A small-scale farming system in which a farmer plants one to a few acres that produce a diverse mixture of vegetables and fruits

A machine used to harvest grain crops mechanically; patented by Cyrus McCormick in 1831

Survey system that uses natural features such as trees

A diversified system of agriculture based on the cultivation of cereal grains and root crops (such as potatoes and yams) and the rearing of herd livestock

The cultivation of a single commercial crop on extensive tracts of land

Planting two or three crops per year on the same land

A system of breeding and rearing herd livestock

The production of crops and livestock using ecological processes

Material used to kill or repel animals or insects that can damage

Large landholding devoted to capital-intensive

Period that brought improved methods of cultivation

The cultivation of a plot of land until it becomes less productive

Guaranteed prices for staple food crops

Food production mainly for consumption by the farming family and local community

Land survey system created by the U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785

A scaled-up version of market gardening

The practice of growing fruits and vegetables on small private plots or shared community gardens within the confines of a city