Ch 24 alteration of cardiovascular function

blood clot

can block blood vessels

mobile

something blocking blood vessels but not necessarily blood clots

an embolus that is also a clot

deep vein thrombosis

clot is in deep parts of the vein

ususally in extremities

who are people most likely at risk for DVTs?

inoperable vein valves

what do arteries have to help with spreading blood around the body?

poor blood flow back in the heart

lung cancer is associated

becomes blocked off

poor venous return and edema in upper extremities

high blood pressure

chronic rise in systemic arterial blood pressuer

active pump

causes elevation

top number in blood presure

relax

low number in blood pressure

most common

can be episodic or chronic

combined systolic/diastolic BP elevation

not sure how it starts

renal system is involve

obesity

hypercholesteromia

sodium

less sodium in urine with high blood pressure

an explanation outside the circulatory system

systolic BP >= 140 (normal or low diastolic)

main cause is aortal rididity

sustained primary hypertension

chronic

blood pressure shoot up very quickly

acute, rapidly developing

low blood pressure

can cause shock

change position too quickly and light headed

usually happens with people who are immobile for a long time

more prone to rupture (fluid)

balloon in the vessel

clot makes the vessel look ballooned

foreign material in blood vessel

metasisis

feet and hands swell and look like gangrene

loss of function

who are at risk for buerger disease?

what can vasospasms cause

hardening / thickening of the wall

fat / fibrin deposit in the wall

can have no problems prior and still have this

comes from dyslipidemia

starts with endothelial injury to vessel walls

abnormal concentration of lipids in the blood stream

can cause atherosclerosis

liver

macrophages get stuffed with lipids and deposit in endothelium of the artery

can cause the artery to start narrowing

causes a ffatty streak in the vessels

very hard to get rid of when there

complete blockage

clots being to form on plaque very quickly can cause stroke or a heart attack

same as arterisclerosis but happens in the legs

cramping

any disease that blocks coronary arteries

can cause chronic ischemia

many risk factors

1/3 of all deaths in the US

dyslipidemia

what is the usual cause of CAD

what can be from chronic ischemia

is cholesterol always bad?

outbound

process lipids more

input

what can also come from coronary artery disease?

angina pectoris

most common

can feel pain in other parts of the body suck as left hand and jaw pain

comes from activity

irregular

Nervous system is more involved

happens when you are sleeping

very mild to the point where it flies under the radar

can stress cause chest pain?

MI results from emboli (trapped in coronary arteries)

presents with undatble angina

infectious disease that effects the heart wall

can result to pericardial effusion and tamponade

build up of too much fluid in the double layered saclike structure around the heart

pressure on the heart that occurs when blood or fluids build up in space between the heart muscle and pericardium

fluid build up restricts heart to beat

stiffen and keep heart being able to flex

enlarge heart muscle

makes walls thicker and more rigid than normal

usually idiopathic

heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged

heart cannot pump enough blood to the body

increase in area

reduce volume of blood left ventricle can take in

change in how the heart functions

causes heart to fill poorly or squeeze poorly

causes pulmonary edema

overflow of blood in lungs

hardening of the valve

insufficiency

back flow from the valve

possible that 2 valves are fused together

blood flow completely flips to the other direction

mouth flora causes this

eat away at the heart valve

complication of strep pyogenesis

scarlet fever and strep

(arrhythmia

disruption of rhythmic activities in the heart

due to injury or the nervous system

heart cannot perfuse body with blood

organ does not get oxygenated blood

pump to arterial system

blood gets into the lungs

less ventricle is weak

flexing

HFrEF

Heart failure / reduce ejection

when relaxed

HFpEF

heart failure sustained ejection

pump to lungs

noticeable distension in extremities

common to see

blood is o2 and nutrient deprived

sudden drop in blood pressure

can lead to MODS due to getting no blood

impaired with being able to pump blood

traumatic blood loss

spleen

something wrong with the nervous system

impaired NS does not do its job

allergy response

histamine rises

gram negative bacteria (endotoxins)

infectious diseases

microbes in the blood