HGAP Units 1-4 Vocab

A model used in population geography that describes the ages and number of males and females within a given population.

The ratio of the number of farmers in a given area to the total amount of arable land in that area.

The total number of people in an area divided by the total land area.

The number of people an area of land can reasonably support; often used in terms of the entire earth and world population.

A complete enumeration of a population.

A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population.

A method which prevents conception or birth.

The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.

The number of births per 1,000 people per year.

The global difference between births and deaths.

A model describing the change in CBR, CDR, and overall population growth through the various stages of economic and scientific development.

The scientific study of human populations.

The ratio of children under 14 and elders over 65 to the number of 15-64 year olds; it is a rough approximation of the number of nonworking people being supported by a society.

The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase.

The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.

The very sparsely habited, uninhabited or uninhabitable area of the world.

Characteristic shift in disease pattern of a population as mortality falls. Acute, infectious diseases are reduced while chronic degenerative diseases increase

The annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live births.

A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state.

Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth grew exponentially, while agricultural production only grew linearly.

A policy or general attitude that encourages population growth, often in the face of limited resources.

A policy or general attitude involving official policies designed to discourage births

The percentage at which the population of a region grows in a year.

A group who built on Malthus' theory and suggested that people wouldn't just starve for lack of food, but would have wars about food and other scarce resources.

What happens when the number of a people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.

The number of people per unit of area of arable land.

A bar graph representing the distribution of the population of an area by age and sex.

The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves (2.1 developed, 2.7 developing).

The number of males per 100 females in the population.

The total number of children an average woman in an area has.

What occurs when the total fertility rate of a population is replacement rate.

A refugee who seeks to migrate permanently to another country.

Someone who is displaced within their own country due to war, political turmoil, or persecution.

Large-scale emigration by talented people

Large-scale immigration by talented people

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives, friends, or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis.

Describes the communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland.

Migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

Migration to a place

Human migration in which the migrants have no choice but to relocate.

Human migration in which the migrants relocate voluntarily.

Authorized immigrant who has a work visa, usually short term.

Movement within a particular country.

Movement between countries.

Movement between regions within a particular country.

Movement within a given region within a particular country.

An environmental, political or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration.

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away to migrants.

Change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition.

Form of relocation diffusion involving a move to a new location.

All types of movement from one location to another.

The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration.

Factors causing people to leave a location and migrate to a new area.

A factor that draws or attracts people to a location.

A limit placed on the quantity of people that can migrate from a particular region.

Laws dealing with migration patterns: 1. Most migration is over a short distance. 2. Migration occurs in steps. 3. Long-range migrants usually move to urban areas. 4. Each migration produces a movement in the opposite direction (although not necessarily of the same volume). 5. Rural dwellers are more migratory than urban dwellers. 6. Within their own country females are more migratory than males, but males are more migratory over long distances. 7. Most migrants are young adults. 8. Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase. 9. Migration increases with economic development. 10. Migration is mostly due to economic causes.

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or political disorder.

Money a migrant sends back to family and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poorer countries.

A migration pattern which shows an increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

A migration pattern which shows an increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in the urban-country fringe.

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries.

The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life

An item from the past (such as a dinosaur bone, or something made by human's in the past.

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

Started in Iran in 1800s. Bahai is based on two people. Bahai doesn't take the Qur'an literally. They don't believe in angels or devils. heaven or hell are not places they are condition of the soul. All religions come from the same source.

Observable actions of responses of humans or animals

specific ideas that people hold to be true

The acquisition of two languages that use different speech sounds, vocabularies, and grammatical rules.

a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages

Cultural determinism is the belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are at emotional and behavioral levels. This supports the theory that environmental influences dominate who we are instead of biologically inherited traits.

the spread of cultural elements from one society to another

Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

The subfield of human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space.

Heartland, source area, innovation center, place of origin of a major culture

the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

the process by which one generation passes culture to the next

A related set of culture traits descriptive of one aspect of a society's behavior or activity (may be assoc. with religious beliefs or business practices).

An area in which people have many shared culture traits

A collection of interacting elements taken together shape a group's collective identity. Includes traits, territorial affiliation, shared history, and more complex elements, like language

A single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban.

philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events

a regional variety of a language, with differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation; also a form of a language spoken by members of a particular social class or profession

the migration of religious or ethnic groups to foreign lands despite their continued affiliation with the land and customs of their origin

derived from the Byzantine Church and adhering to Byzantine rites

the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development

A religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated.

belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group

A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used.

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

When many people who live in a land space share at least some of the same folk customs.

the composite culture, both material and non-material, that shapes the lives of folk societies

a demarcated area of the Earth

A famous geographer that wrote about cultural diffusion about the same time as Carl sauer

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places