中文 - 第两课

那

Nà | That

的

de | of

To indicate a possessive relationship, the particle (的) appears between the “possessor” and the “possessed.” To that extent, it is equivalent to the “’s” structure in English. For example 老师的名字 = teachers name. The particle (的) is often omitted in colloquial speech after a personal pronoun and before a kinship term. Therefore, we say "王朋的妈妈" (Wang Peng's mother) but, 我妈妈 (my mother).

照片

Zhàopiàn | photograph

这

Zhè | This

爸爸

Bàba | Father

妈妈

Māmā | Mother

个

ge | (measure word for many common everyday objects)

In Chinese, a numeral is usually not followed immediately by a noun. Rather, a measure word is inserted between the number and the noun, as in (1), (2), and (3) below. Similarly, a measure word is often inserted between a demonstrative pronoun and a noun, as in (4) and (5) below. There are over one hundred measure words in Chinese, but you may hear only two or three dozen in everyday speech. Many nouns are associated with special measure words, which often bear a relationship to the meaning of the given noun. 个 is the single most common measure word in Chinese. It is also sometimes used as a substitute for other measure words.

女

Nǚ | Female

孩子

Háizi | Child

谁

Shéi | Who

Question pronouns include 谁 (who), 什么 (what), 那 (which), 哪儿 (where), 几 (how many). In a question with a question pronoun, the word order is exactly the same as that in a declarative sentence. Therefore, when learning to form a question with a question pronoun, we can start with a declarative sentence and then replace the part in question with the appropriate question pronoun.

他/她

Tā | he/she

姐姐

Jiějiě | Older sister

男

Nán | Male

弟弟

Dìdì | Younger Brother

大哥

dàgē | Eldest brother

哥哥

gēgē | Older brother

儿子

Érzi | Son

有

Yǒu | Have

有 is always negated with 没 instead of 不

女儿

Nǚ'ér | Daughter

没

Méi | no

高 (高文中)

Gāo | High (Gāo Wénzhōng | Personal Name)

家

jiā | family

几

jǐ | how many?

口

Kǒu | mouth

两

Liǎng | two; a couple of

二 and 两 both mean “two,” but they differ in usage. 两 is used in front of common measure words to express a quantity. In counting, one uses 二.

妹妹

Mèimei | Little sister

大姐

Dàjiě | eldest sister

二姐

Èr jiě | second oldest sister

做

zuò | do

工作

Gōngzuò | work

律师

Lǜshī | lawyer

英文

Yīngwén | English

都

Dōu | both/all

The word (都) indicates inclusiveness. As it always occurs in front of a verb, it is classifi ed as an adverb. However, because it refers to something that has been mentioned earlier in the sentence, or in a preceding sentence, it also has a pronoun-like flavor and it must be used at the end of an enumeration.

大学生

Dàxuéshēng | college/university student

大学

Dàxué | university/college

医生

Yīshēng | doctor

白 英 爱

Bái yīng ài | White | England | Love (personal name)