ap chem - unit 3; intermolecular forces and properties

attractive forces between molecules

attraction between oppositely charged ions

the non-polar molecule interacts with the polar molecule and the non-polar one becomes slightly polar (temporarily)

attraction between an ion and a polar molecule (oppositely charged parts)

attraction between a polar molecule and a polar molecule, strength of the reaction depends on the magnitude of the dipole

a type of dipole-dipole; only occurs with an H and an N, O or F.

between non-polar and some other molecule (only occurs although it is non polar because it of the random electron movement). (induced-dipole induced-dipole)

1 being strongest, 5 being weakest

1. ion-ion

2. ion-dipole

3. hydrogen bonding

4. dipole-dipole

5. londen dispersion

highly polarizable

highly nonpolarizable

ionic bonds; strong ionic forces - brittle, high melting point, contuctswhen dissolved into a liquid

connected and layered network (diamond v. graphite); rigid and hard, do not conduct electricity

H-bonds; e.g. ice; weaker IMFs, lower melting points

sea of electrons, meaning it is a good conductor, malleable, ductible

nice grid

not so nice grid

phase change

solid → liquid; weakens IMFs

liquid → gas breaks IMFs

• gas moves in random directions of relatively large distances

• collisions are perfectly elastic (no energy lost)

• gasses move in straight lines intil they collide w/ the container

• average KE in a sample of gas is proportional to the temperatures; KE = 1/2*m*v^2

there is high pressure, and low temperatures

seperates mixtures by taking advantage of boiling points and differences in vapor pressures

seperates mixtures by taking of polarity and nonpolarity

h*v

energy =planck’s constant * frequency

3.00x10^8 m/s

wavelength * frequency

a * b * c

a = molar absorpivity

b = path length

c = concentation

…however, in a lab, you can ignore that a and the b, as those will stay constant

when a liquid is introduced into a closed container, it establishes a dynamic equilibrium with its vapor. the pressure of the vapor at equilibrium is referred to as the vapor pressure of the liquid.