Social Studies -Ecosystems/Cumulative Test

A natural system which links together all the elements of the environment.

An extremely cold, dry biome that is known for having long frigid winters and short cool summers

An extremely dry biome with little water and few plants.

Biome near the equator with warm temperatures wet weather, and lush plant growth

3 layers of trees in a forest that blocks sunlight from penetrating the ground.

75%

The living parts of an ecosystem

The non living parts of an ecosystem

Organisms that produce their own food and energy

Organisms that gets their energy by breaking down the waste and remains of dead organisms into smaller molecules.

Organisms that get their food and energy by eating other organisms

The place where an organism lives.

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

Hot, wet, and humid.

Hot and wet, fast growing grass, grass turns yellow during the dry season,

The clearance of forested land

When just enough food is grown for the farmer's own needs.

Substinence farming, new roads, cattle ranching, logging companies

To be inactive

planting trees or the establishment of a forest

Tundra, Grasslands, Desert, Aquatic, Taiga, savanna

Mediterranean

Equatorial rainforest

So rain and snow do not settle on the tree

All the living organisms that inhabit an environment

Nonliving components of environment.

Atacama Desert

Sahara desert, Kalahari desert, Nami desert

30 degrees north and south

Thick bark for protection, Wide trunk to store water, Tree loses leaves to conserve moisture, Long roots to get to underground water.

The transfer of the message from the sender to the receiver, who should understand the message.

The information or instructions being passed by the sender to the receiver.

Communication in which the message that is being sent is received understood and acted upon in the way intended.

To guide, instruct, warn, and encourage workers.

The transmitter or sender, the medium of communication, the receiver, and feedback.

Communication that involves a message that does not require a response

Communication that needs to be responded to by the receiver.

Communication between members of the same organization

Communication that is sent between one organization and another organization or with an individual outside of an organization

When subordinates send messages to managers

When managers send messages to subordinates

When messages are sent between people that are on the same level in an organization

If there is no communication in a business or an organization there would be no order and no coordination between anybody in the business. The manager would also not be able to carry out the tasks of instructing, guiding, warning, and encourage workers,

Verbal, written, visual

The channel of communication that is recognized by the business or organization

Communication that has no set structure and the information transferred is not recognized by the business or organization.

Communication that uses spoken words

Communication that is written and must be read

Communication that uses visual cues, symbols, images and more.

May and October

Equatorial

An area of land trained by a river and its tributaries

Where the river starts

A stream or small river that flows into a bigger one

The boundary of a drainage basin

The end of the river

Precipitation, Surface runoff, Evaporation, Transpiration, and Condensation

The transfer of water from the air to the land. It can be rain, hail, sleet, or snow.

The transfer of water across the land and into the sea or lake.

The transfer of water from the surface into the air as water vapor.

The transfer of water from plants into the air as water vapor.

The change of water vapor in the air into water droplets.

The water flowing in a river

The amount of water passing a point of a river at a time. It is measured in cubic meters per second.

Attrition, Corrasion, Corrosion, Hydraulic action

The wearing away of the land

The movement of eroded material

Where material is moved along the water bed and breaks into other pieces eventually.

Where the banks and bed of river are dissolved by acids in the water.

The rubbing of material against the river bank

The force of water hitting the banks of the river.

The laying down or dumping of material which happens when a river slows down and loses energy.

Traction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution

Where large rocks and boulders are rolled along the bed of a river.

Where smaller stones are bounced along the bed of a rivver.

Where fine material is light enough to be carried by the river.

the final stage of river transportation where the minerals are able to be dissolved in the water

A feature resulting from the movement of water on the Earth's surface.

V-shaped valleys, interlocking spurs, and waterfalls.

When a river transports material along its bed, it cuts downwards and deepens the river bed. When heavy rain comes, soil on the valley sides move downhill due to gravity. The valley becomes steep sided and V-shaped because erosion deepens the valley faster than it widens it. The river winds its way around ridges called interlocking spurs, they are like the teeth of a zipper.

Rocks and pebbles move along river bed, river erodes downwards and deepens the valley, Slopes attacked by heavy rain, valley sides move slowly downhill, Valley forms V-shape

Waterafalls occur where a band of hard rock lies next to soft rock. The soft rock is warn way faster than hard rock, and a step develops over which the river falls. When the soft rock lies under the hard rock, the soft rock is worn away and the hard rock is unsupported and will collapse. This happens many times causing the waterfall to move upstream, in whcih a steep sided gorge is left behind.

Soft rock is worn away, Hard rock is undercut and unsupported, Hard rock collapses, Waterfall retreats upstream, Steep-sided gorge left behind

Meanders and ox bow lakes, Floodplains and levees, and Deltas

When a river goes around a bend most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing erosion. The channel is deepened and the bank is worn away. In the inside of the bend water movement is slower. Material is built up due to deposition. This makes the bank gently sloping and the river channel shallow.

They constantly change their shape and position

The fastest flow is on the outside of the bend, erosion happens, the banks are undercut and worn away, the river channel deepens, the slowest flow is on the inside of the bend, deposition happens, the channel becomes shallow, and sand and shingle are deposited as a small beach.

Deposition form the meanders blocks off a bend and forms an ox-bow lake, which will dry up and only refills after a heavy rain or a flood.

Outside of bend worn away from erosion, the neck between two bends gets narrower, River cuts through neck, deposition builds up, meander cuts off from main river, an Ox-bow lake is formed.

Deltas are formed when rivers transport large amounts of material to their mouths if this river flows into a calm sea or lake it slows down and material is deposited. This builds upwards and outwards and a delta is formed.

The flat area of land over which a river meanders.

Raised banks or walls built along the banks of rivers.

Spraying crops with chemicals, industrial waste, waste from mines

Water is stored in vegetation so there is less river water, Water moves slower so there is less erosion, wetlands store water and provide habitats.

Damages wildlife and vegetation, causes erosion, flooding happens more often

The average number of years a person can expect to live in a country.

The average number of children per 1,000 born alive, who die before the age of one year.

people who rely upon other of working age.

people that work and receive a wage.