World War I Test

The 4 MAIN causes of WW1

• Militarism

• Alliances

• Imperialism

• Nationalism

The event that was the immediate cause of WW1

• The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary

Why Germany is viewed as the aggressor in WW1

• The Schlieffen Plan, which was to defeat France quick by violating Belgium and then defeat Russia

How Germany’s actions caused the alliance system to occur

• The invasion of Belgium and declaration of war on Russia and France are what caused the alliance to form between France, Britain, and Russia

The country that switched sides to join France, Britain, and Russia

Italy

The name of Germany’s military plan and what it required

The Schlieffen Plan:

• Speed and Surprise

• Invade Belgium

• Quickly defeat France

• Swiftly fight Russia in the East

New technologies used in WW1

• Tanks

• Machine Guns

• Poison Gas

• U-Boats

Trench Warfare

• Used to extend stalemate where no side could make advances toward the other

• Use of elaborate systems of trenches in fortified positions

Description of life in the trenches

• Boring

• Filthy

• Diseases spreading

• Critters everywhere

• Traumatizing

What “going over the top“ means

• Soldiers leaving the safety of the trenches and advancing across open ground towards enemy positions during an offensive operation

The purpose of “going over the top“

• To launch an attack on enemy positions and attempt to break the stalemate of trench warfare

War of Attrition

A military strategy in which:

• An aggressor wears down its opponent’s strength over time through continuous combat

• The goal of exhausting the enemy’s resources, manpower, and will to fight

Total War

A military strategy and concept that involves:

• Complete mobilization of a nation’s resources, economy, and population

• Seeks to achieve victory be exerting maximum force to defeat the enemy

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

• A peace treaty signed in March 3, 1918

• Between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers

• Ended Russia’s participation in WW1 on the Eastern Front

Significance of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

• Allowed Germany to transfer hundreds of thousands of troops from the Eastern Front to the Western Front

• Led to political and social upheaval which had long term consequences

• Allowed Germany to focus on the Western Front and accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Front

The holiday on November 11th in Europe

• Armistice Day, which commemorates the armistice signed between the Allies and Germany which ended WW1

9 new countries that were created in Europe as a result of “self-determination“

• Poland

• Czechoslovakia

• Yugoslavia

• Finland

• Estonia

• Latvia

• Lithuania

• Austria

• Hungary

The “Big Four“ countries and their leaders

• United States: Woodrow Wilson

• Britain: David Lloyd George

• France: Georges Clemenceau

• Italy: Vittorio Orlando

Treaty of Versailles

• One of the peace treaties that ended WW1

• Signed on June 28, 1919

• Officially ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers

• Harsh punishment to Germany

Germany’s main punishments from the Treaty of Versailles

• Territorial losses

• Disarmament

• War Guilt Clause

• Reparations

The main theme of Germany’s treatment in the Treaty of Versailles

• Punishment and containment

• Weaken its military and strip its territory

• Goal is that nothing like that ever happens again

• Overall humiliating

Effects of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany after WW1

• Long term-consequences

• Much strain and instability

• Causing Germany to want revenge

The alliances before WW1 started

Triple Entente: Russia, France, Britain

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

How Alliances were a cause of WW1

• It created two opposing forces in Europe

How Militarism was a cause of WW1

• It created competition between the alliances

• Everyone wanted to have a better military than others

How Imperialism was a cause of WW1

• They wanted to take control and expand their own land

• As European countries were expanding their land, tension was created

How Nationalism was a cause of WW1

• They wanted their own country to win over the others because they believed theirs was better

• The idea that national pride and glory were good enough reasons to go to war was promoted

The alliances during WW1

Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, Italy, United States

Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

Examples of Total War

• Kids collecting scrap metal

• Women in the work force

• People donating to war bonds

3 Types of Propaganda

• Demonization

• Dishonesty

• Emotional Appeal