What was the explosive growth of cities after 1900 that made the world an "urban place" called?
Global urbanization
By 2017, how many megacities were there?
37
What was the belief that employment opportunities and a better future awaited people in developed countries?
Labor migration
What was it called when people moved often illegally and with few skills, to escape poverty?
Labor migration
What program brought 4.5 million Mexican agricultural workers to America (1942-1964)
Bracero Program
Cultural Globalization has heavy currents from what region to the rest of the world?
The West
Japanese moga also means what?
Modern girls
What was a warmer and often wetter period that began following the end of the last Ice Age known as?
Holocene Era
What is the era in which humankind has been living for the past 12,000 years?
Holocene Era
Who stated that during the Holocene Era, human environment was favorable to humans, making it the "garden of eden" era?
Earth scientist, Johan Rockstorm
What term do scientists and environmental historians use to designate the contemporary era since the advent of the Industrial Revolution?
Anthropocene Era
What does the Anthropocene era mean?
"Age of man"
What had become the world's most pressing environmental issue by the early 21st century?
Climate change
What chemical thinned out the ozone layer and also became illegal to be used?
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
What is the 7 million square mile area of garbage in the North Pacific called?
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
12 of 20 of the world's most polluted cities were in which country during 2004?
China
The large cities, Beijing, Mexico City, Bangkok, Tokyo, Manila, and many more, have been measurably sinking over the past century because of what?
Groundwater depletion
How much has the sea level risen since 1850?
8.5 inches
In 2016, how many of the coral reefs died within Australia's Great Barrier Reef?
67%
What triggered the 2nd wave of environmentalism in the beginning of the 1960s?
Publication of Silent Spring book
Who wrote the book Silent Spring in 1962?
Rachel Carson
What committed 195 countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in 2015?
Paris Climate Agreement
What greatly increased agricultural output through the massive application of new chemicals and new technologies like tractors and mechanical harvesters?
Green Revolution
How many waves of the influenza pandemic swept through the globe in 1918 and 1919?
3
Around how many people died from the initial waves of the influenza pandemic?
Between 50-100 million people
What disease sparked a 2nd global pandemic at the beginning of the 1980s?
HIV/AIDS
Which disease spread primarily through sexual contact, contaminated blood products, or sharing of needles?
HIV/AIDS
What is the full form of HIV?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
What is the full form of AIDS?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
In the 21st century, which new biological threats prompted international efforts to identify and track the spread of?
SARS, Ebola Virus, Zika Virus, etc
What was a military piety hostile to secularism and religious pluralism called?
Religious fundamentalism
What fundamentalist movement took place in independent India during the 1980s?
Hindutva
What's the meaning of Hindutva
Hindu nationalism
What is the full form of BJP?
Bharatiya Janata Party
Who was India's first prime minister?
Jawaharlal Nehru
What was a big factor for the decline of religious beliefs and practices?
Scientific culture
What term was coined meaning the "simple recognition of the fact that one is black?"
Negritude
What poet coined the term "negritude?"
Aime Cesaire
When was the UN Declaration of Human Rights established?
1948