Intercultural Exam 1

-increase in information (due to tech and the internet) -increased contact with people who are different/similar

• but not everyone has access to technology

• english is the privileged language in technology

communication technology connects us to persons from around the world

US Demographics have become more diverse so we need to communicate with the different groups that live here -religious diversity -economic classes

To compete in the global market, Americans must understand how business is conducted in other countries, including marketing.

International conflicts

• history of colonialism

• need to be understood in historical, political, religious, and economic contexts

awareness of our own cultural identity and background

climate change requires international cooperation

each culture has their rights and wrongs. We may not agree with them, but we must live with these differences.

Foreign Service Institute - Edward T. Hall - after WW2

Nonverbal communication differences between cultures occur because of how different people around the world interpret actions in social interaction.

the study of spatial distances between individuals in different cultures and situations

• intimate, personal, social, and public space

The term "cross cultural training" refers to training courses that develop an awareness between people where a common cultural framework does not exist or is not recognized. Training helps employees become more aware of unconscious bias and other barriers to diversity and inclusion, and motivates positive behaviors and attitudes – essential for creating and maintaining a respectful, inclusive workplace.

the scientific study of language

the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings

the science of mental life - includes stereotypes

Assumes: culture is a variable, cultural differences influence communication, reality is objective Goal: to describe and predict human behavior Methods: Quantitative studies Strengths: practical, easy to apply to our intercultural interaction Weaknesses: comm is not always predictable, not culturally sensitive, too distant

In individualistic cultures, people behave according to self-interest and personal preferences and consider independence and self-sufficiency very important. In collectivist cultures, groups are of primary importance—individuals are secondary.

assumes that people in all cultures work to maintain face in all situations. It further states that the root of conflict is based on self management on an individual and cultural level.

seeks to explain and predict why, when, and how people adjust their communicative behavior during social interaction, and what social consequences result from those adjustments

replacing a culture-specific item or expression with a target language item which does not have the same propositional meaning

a construct having the same meaning across groups

Assumes: culture is created and maintained through communication, human experience is subjective Goals: to understand and describe human behavior Strengths: provides in depth understanding Weaknesses: few interpretive intercultural studies

'etic' refers to research that studies cross-cultural differences, whereas 'emic' refers to research that fully studies one culture with no (or only a secondary) cross-cultural focus

cultural and political movement whose mainly African American adherents regard themselves and all other Blacks as syncretic Africans and believe that their worldview should positively reflect traditional African values.

Assumes: reality is subjective, culture is where multiple interpretations exist but a dominant one prevails Goals: to change and improve the lives of everyday communicators Strengths: reveals the power of relationships in interactions Weaknesses: lack of empirical data

allows us to capture the dynamism of intercultural communication. A dialectic is a relationship between two opposing concepts that constantly push and pull one another

cultural–individual, personal–contextual, differences–similarities, static–dynamic, history/past–present/future, and privilege–disadvantage

Culture is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.

human nature, relationship of humankind to nature, sense of time, activity, and social relationships

power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity and long-term orientation.

Social identities are components of self that are derived from our involvement in social groups to which we are interpersonally invested. Cultural identities are components of self based on socially constructed categories that teach us a way of being and include expectations for our thoughts and behaviors.

the concept you develop about yourself that evolves over the course of your life.

minorities may develop a sense of identity earlier 1-Unexamined identity 2-Conformity 3-Resistance and Separatism 4-Integration

1-Unexamined Identity 2-Acceptance 3-Resistance 4-Redefinition 5-Integration

normative race privilege a standpoint from which to view society a set of cultural practices

1-awareness of differentness 2-struggle for acceptance 3-self acceptance

a person who is living a mobile and international lifestyle. Global nomads aim to live location-independently, seeking detachment from particular geographical locations and the idea of territorial belonging.

• children of foreign born immigrants

• international/interracial adoptions

A model minority is a minority demographic whose members are perceived as achieving a higher degree of socioeconomic success than the population average, thus serving as a reference group to outgroups.

identity is created by the self and in relation to group membership identities are stable

identities are negotiated and co created through communication with others identities are dynamic

a statement asserting the existence or the truth of something

how others perceive and communicate a person's identity.

identity formation needs to be understood within the contexts of history, economics, and politics identities are dynamic

expresses the idea that an idea is not simply yours alone (such as “I like blue, I always have”) but rather an idea that has been presented to you for you to accept.