ap stats ★ unit 3 terms

a way of sampling in which people choose to respond; those that choose to respond tend to have strong opinions

a high biased way of sampling which is of easy reach (hence the name). it often leads to overestimation.

a low biased way of sampling where individuals are labeled and then randomized (via generator or shuffling). has less variability

splits the population into mixed group and randomly selects a group to sample everyone in (cluster)

splits the population into like groups, and then performs SRS to choose something from each group

a method where the start point is chosen at random and then chooses equal intervals (ex: starts at 10th sample and picks one for every 3 samples)

occurs when some part of the population is excluded from the sample (ex: sample from landlines, missing younger people because older people only have landlines)

occurs when an individual is selected to response but chooses not to respond

occurs when there is a pattern of inaccurate results (ex: wording of the question, lying)

a study where no treatment is imposed and it results only show correlation

a study where the treatment is imposed/manipulated. results show causation

a variable of the study that is independent, can be controlled

a variable of the study that is dependent, cannot be controlled, is the outcome

a variable that can also contribute to the outcome; is not explanatory

a group that provides the baseline for comparison

a condition where the subjects don’t know what treatment is given to them

a condition where BOTH subjects and experimenters don’t know what treatment is given

groups experimental units into similar groups (ex: age is split into two, one age group splits into group a or group b while the other age group splits into group a or b aswell)

where subjects are paired and then randomly assignment to a treatment; subject received all treatments but the order of treatments are random