Studied by 4 peopleWhich of the following does NOT occur during Interphase?
Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell. They line up along the equatore during metaphase
anaphase
prophase
telophase
metaphase
Onion root tip cells spend almost all of their time actively dividing in mitosis.
False, onion cells spend most of their time in interphase
A plant cell that has 18 chromosomes is undergoing mitotic cell division. After completing the process there are
two cells with 18 chromosomes. After mitosis, the two daughter cells are identical to each other and the original parent cell. This includes the number of chromosomes.
During cytokinesis what structure forms to separate the two daughter cells?
Cell plate with the help of a phragmoplast. The phragmoplast acts like a scaffold while materials from the Golgi are used to build the cell plate, which will eventually be the new cell wall.
Who is considered the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel, based on his work with pea plants and determining the basic laws of inheritance.
Phenotype
Expression of genes
Homozygous
In pair of alleles both alleles are the same
Monohybrid Cross
Genetics cross where both parents are heterozygous for one trait
Genotype
Pair of allels that governs a trait
Dihybrid Cross
Genetics cross where both parents are heterozygous for two traits
Heterozygous
In a pair of alleles, the alleles are different
In watermelons striped fruit (S) are dominant to solid fruit (s). If heterozygous striped watermelon plant was crossed with a solid watermelon plant, what would be the chance that they would produce solid watermelons?
50% Chance
S | s | |
s | Ss | ss |
s | Ss | ss |
In tulips red flowers (R) are dominant to yellow flowers (r) and long stems (L) are dominant to short stems (l). What would be the gametes of a tulip plant that was heterozygous for both flower color and stem length?
RrLl. The gamete needs to have one allele for color and one allele for stem length. If they are heterozygous for both, that would be RrLl.
a
cap
b
spores
c
mycelium
d
hyphae
e
stem (stalk, stipe)
f
gills
Step A in the life cycle is called
plasmogamy. In many fungi the cytoplasms of two fungal hyphae cells fuse first to create a cell with two separate nuclei, called a dikaryon or heterokaryote.
Penicillium (Ascomycota)
Coprinus (Basidiomycota)
Saccharomyces cerevesiae (yeast)
Lichen
What are characteristics of ALL algae.
Having accessory pigments, photosynthetic, and live in water(fresh or salt)
Chlorophyta
Green algae
Bacillariophyta
Diatoms
Rhodophyta
Red algae
Phaeophyta
Brown algae
Producing red tides
Dinoflagellate
Producing agar
Red Algae
Producing toxic blooms
Cyanobacteria
Production of alginic acid
Brown algae
Gloeocapsa
Nostoc
Diatomaceous earth
Dinoflagellates
Spirogyra
Euglena
In the simulation we did in class, which "beak" was better at picking up and crushing large seeds (beans) and why?
the large beak, since it was strong enough to crack open the seed
small beak birds | large beak birds | |
Total number of seeds collected | 45 | 12 |
Food limit for small beak birds is 29 and the food limit for large beaks is 21.
Which bird(s) survived the drought 2 conditions?
Small beak only
question.
small beak birds | large beak birds | |
Total number of seeds collected | 45 | 12 |
Food limit for small beak birds is 29 and the food limit for large beaks is 21.
Small beak bids survived, but why?
They acquired more seeds than the food limit
What was the selective pressure on the birds in the simulation?
the type and amounts of seeds
If only large seeds were available on an island, finches with small beaks can evolve their beak size in order to eat the large seeds, survive and reproduce.
False, a finch cannot change their beak size and evolve in response to a changed environment, like the availability and size of seeds. The size of the beak is determined by the bird's genes and they can't purposefully change their genes to fulfill a need.
In conifers, male cones are called ____ and female cones are called ____ .
taminate; ovulate
The female gametophyte eventually becomes what structure in the gymnosperm seed?
the food for the embryo
Cycads and Ginkgoes are dioecious, which means
they have two types of cones found on separate male and female plants
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgophyta
Ephedra nevadensis
Gnetophyta
Pinus
Coniferophyta
Cycas revoluta
Cycadophyta
Male or female cone?
Male. You can tell this is a male cone because the sporophylls are more closely packed together. In a female pine cone the sporophylls are more separated to allow for fertilization.
A is indicating
pollen. The male pine cone produces pollen, which is why it is also known as a pollen cone.
B is indicating
microsporangium. The microsporangium in the male cone is where pollen is produced.
C is indicating
microsporophyll. The microsporophylls are where the microsporangium are located, which produce pollen.
male cycad
female Ginkgo
male Ginkgo
female cycad
A
male cone
B
female cone
C
Pollen
D
Zygote
The light dependent reactions take place ____ of the chloroplast while the light independent reactions take place ____ of the chloroplast.
on the thylakoid membrane; in the stroma. The light independent reactions involving PS II and PS I take place on the thylakoid membrane, while the light independent reactions (a.k.a. Calvin cycle) take place in the stroma.
The reactants of photosynthesis are
carbon dioxide and water
The products of photosynthesis are
sugar and oxygen
Band A is
carotene
Band B is
xanthophylls
Band C is
chlorophyll a
Band D is
chlorophyll b
After 45 minutes, the solution in the test tube with Elodea in the light ___, the solution in the test tube with the Elodea in the dark ___.
changed to red; stayed yellow. In the tube in the light with Elodea, the solution turned to red, while the tube with Elodea in the dark stayed yellow.
Why does a color change, from yellow to red, occur in the Elodea experiment?
Consumption of CO2 by the plant during photosynthesis increases the pH
Photosystem II: Light absorption, ATP synthesis — Inputs and Outputs
H2O - Light Energy -> O2 - ATP - E-
Photosystem I: Light absorption, NADPH formation — Inputs and Outputs
Light energy - E- -> NADPH - ATP
Calvin Cycle: Carbon Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration — Inputs and Outputs
CO2 - NADPH -ATP -> RuBP - Glucose
What pigment is yellow to yellow-orange
Carotene
What pigment is yellow
Xanthophyll
What pigment is Bright green to blue-green
Chlorophyll a
What pigment is yellow-green to olive green
Chlorophyll b
How do you calculate an Rf value?
Rf= Distance traveled by the solvent front/Distance traveled by the compound
What Rf value does Carotene have
.9mm
What Rf value does Xanthophyll have
.56mm
What Rf value does Chlorophyll a have
.37mm
What Rf value does Chlorophyll b have
.2mm
Phenol red is what color in an acidic solution
Light Amber
What color is phenol red in a basic solution
Dark Amber
How do you know if CO2 is being used up by photosynthesis happening in the plant?
If the color changes from yellow to read, since consumption of CO2 by the plant during photosynthesis increases the pH.
Interphase
what occures during Interphase?
G1, S phase, G2
What happens during G1?
First Gap phase - Cell grows larger, copies organelles, and makes molecular building blocks
What happens during S phase?
Cell synthesizes copy of DNA in nucleus
What happens during G2?
Second Gap Phase - Cell grows more, makes proteins and organelles, begins to reorganize contents for mitosis
Prophase
What occurs during Prophase?
Microtubules extend from end of cells to begin forming spindle
Mitotic spindle pulls chromosomes apart
Nucleoli disappear and nuclear envelope starts to break down
Prometaphase
Kinetochore appear
Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores
Chromosomes condense
Nuclear envelope breaks down, releasing chromosomes
Note
Flashcard