CH 2- Management, Yesterday and Today 

Organisations are individually different, face different situations (________), and require different ways of managing.

________: productivity increased under imposed adverse working conditions.

________: "no one universally applicable set of management rules by which to manage organisations.

________: father of scientific management.

________, group standards, and attitudes influence individual output and work behaviour more strongly than monetary incentives.

________ primarily focuses on improving the efficiency of management so that lower- level employees can recognize appropriately and the tasks can be done consistently.

________: increasing heterogeneity in the workforce.

________: process of starting new businesses, generally in response to opportunities.

Is a(n) ________ that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data.

________ driven by continual improvement in the quality of work processes + responding to customer needs and expectations.

father of scientific management

set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that provides a unified whole

are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment (all system input/output is internal)

dynamically interact to their environments by taking in inputs and transforming them into outputs that are distributed into their environments

no one universally applicable set of management rules by which to manage organisations

increasing heterogeneity in the workforce

process  of starting new businesses, generally in response to opportunities

electronic business

e-business units within traditional organisations

e-business tools and applications used within traditional organisation

organisations entire work processes revolve around e-business model

organisation that has been developed the capacity to continuously learn+adapt, and change

cultivation of a learning culture where organisation members gather and share knowledge to achieve better performance