🦠 bacteria

Gram positive cocci in clusters facultatively anaerobic catalase positive coagulase positive golden-yellow colonies (staphyloxanthin)

Gram positive cocci in clusters catalase positive coagulase negative resident skin flora causes prosthesis-associated infections

Gram positive cocci in clusters catalase positive coagulase negative cause acute cystitis in young women

Gram positive cocci in chains aerobic, facultatively anaerobic

Gram positive cocci in chains anaerobic

Gram positive bacilli non-spore-forming aerobic foodborne, mother-to-baby transmission

Gram positive pleomorphic bacilli non-spore-forming aerobic coryneform (characteristic swelling at end) cause diphtheria

Gram positive pleomorphic bacilli commensal of skin & mucous membrane opportunisitic pathogen

Gram positive bacilli boxcar shaped aerobic single endospore cause anthrax

Gram positive bacilli boxcar shaped aerobic single endospore cause food poisoning, associated with indwelling catheters

Gram positive bacilli beaded/branching appearance partially acid-fast (mycolic acid) causes suppurative granulomatous inflammation

Gram positive bacilli aerobic

Gram positive bacilli anaerobic spore-forming

Gram negative diplococci strictly aerobic oxidase positive Thayer-Martin agar sexual transmission

Gram negative diplococci strictly aerobic oxidase positive capsule transmission by droplet/mucosal contact serogroups: A,B,C,X,Y,W-135

Gram negative bacilli facultatively anaerobic glucose fermenter oxidase negative commensals in large bowel

[Enterobacteriaceae]

• diarrhoeal disease

• urinary tract infection, bacteriaemia, meningitis in neonates, peritonitis

[Enterobacteriaceae]

• community-acquired pneumonia

• abscess formation

• intra-abdominal infections

• nosocomial infections

[Enterobacteriaceae]

• gastroenteritis

• typhoidal slamonellae: Slamonella Typhi, Paratyphi A,B,C → systemic infection

• non-typhoidal salmonellae → disseminated/focal infections

[Enterobacteriaceae]

• bacillary dysentery

• large intestinal inflammation

• Shiga toxin

curved Gram negative bacilli oxidase positive glucose fermenter actively motile cholera toxin → rice water stools

Gram negative bacilli strictly aerobic non-fermenter oxidase positive green pigment, fruity smell hospital-acquired infections

Gram negative coccobacilli strictly aerobic non-fermenter hospital infections, nosocomial infections

Gram negative coccobacilli strictly aerobic non-fermenter X factor: haemin; V factor: NAD, NADP chocolate agar polysaccharide capsule (type b children & infants)

Gram negative coccobacilli zoonosis acute & chronic infection

Gram negative strictly anaerobic mixed infections, abscess formation intra-abdominal, genital tract, head & neck infections

cell wall-deficient

[Spirochete] microaerophilic relapsing fever

[Spirochete] microaerophilic Lyme disease

[Spirochete] aerobic zoonosis Leptospirosis infection through broken skin, mucous membranes, droplets, contact with animal

[Spirochete] non cultivable syphilis (sexual transmission) chronic infection congenital infection

obligate intracellular

supportive media

enrichment media detects haemolysis Streptococcus pneumoniae: alpha haemolysis

enrichment media heating releases nutrients in blood → Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae: greenish discoloration

selective media, differential media various enteric Gram negative bacilli differentiates lactose fermenters & non-fermenters

selective media Staphylococcus

selective media, differential media Salmonella, Shigella

selective media, differential media Vibrio

selective media, egg-based media Mycobacteria malachite green to inhibit growth of other bacteria

selective media enrichment & selective for Salmonella

selective media, enrichment media Neisseria gonorrhoeae additional nutrients to support growth, antimicrobials to suppress growth of normal flora

distinguish different organisms by displaying color change urine culture