Chapter 42: Gas Exchange and Circulation

________ αt the respiratory surface, where 02 moves from 1e air or water into the blood and C02 moves from 1e blood into 1e air or water, along their concentration gradients.

The lungs of mammals, in contrast, are finely divided into ________ called alveoli.

In tissues, where ________ has led to low 02 levels and high C02 levels, gas exchange occurs between blood and cells.

The change in volume is caused by a downward motion of the ________ called the diaphragm and an expansion of the rib cage.

________ of the gas in the aqueous film lining the gas exchange surface.

White ________ (also called leukocytes) are part of the immune system.

A(n) ________ known as the trachea (not to be confused with the tracheae of insects) carries the inhaled air to narrower ________ called bronchi.

________ are cell fragments that act to minimize blood loss from ruptured blood vessels.

A(n) ________ that enters the lymphatic ducts is called lymph.

________ are internal organs that are used for gas exchange.

________ are thin- walled vessels that return blood to the heart.

________ are vessels whose walls are just one cell thick, allowing an exchange of gases and other molecules between blood and tissues.

________ are tough, thick- walled vessels that take blood away from the heart.

________ are called arterioles.

________ also contain one- way valves, which are thin flaps of tissue at prevent any backflow of blood.

________ is the press of a particular gas in a mixture of gases.

If ________ are damaged or defective, the resulting backflow can be heard through a stethoscope and is called a heart murmur.

________, states that the rate of diffusion of a gas depends on five parameters:

________ in the tissues, where 02 moves from the blood into the tissues and C02 moves from the tissues into the blood, along their concentration gradients.

a collection of thin-walled, branching tubules called lymphatic vessels that permeate all tissues

The movement of air or water through a specialized gas exchange organ, such as a lung or gill