Unit 10 flashcards (Organic)

compounds containing carbon, which is the building blocks of life.

• Non-polar

• Insoluble in water

• Covalently bonded

• Don’t conduct electricity

• Lower melting and boiling points

• Very flammable

• react slowly

Compounds containing just Hydrogen and Carbon

Hydrocarbons which are saturated, and contain only single bonds between the carbons. General Formula: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.

hydrocarbons which are unsaturated, and contain a double bond between two of the Carbons. General Formula: CₙH₂ₙ

hydrocarbons which are unsaturated, and contain a double bond between two of the Carbons. General Formula: CₙH₂ₙ-₂

hydrocarbons which can’t hold anymore atoms, like alkanes.

Hydrocarbons which could hold more atoms, by breaking multiple bond, like alkenes, and alkynes.

An extra CH₃ attached to one of the carbons

An extra C₂H₅ attached to one of the Carbons

An extra C₃H₇ attached to one of the carbons.

Molecules with the same molecular formula, but different structres.

Types of Organic compounds which have specific parts which allow them to perform certainactions.

represents a chain of Hydrocarbons

Functional Group with a Hydrocarbon bonded to halogens (Group 17 elements). Name ending is the same as the hydorcarbon.

Functional Group with a Hydrocarbon bonded to a hydroxide ion. (R-OH), the name ends with “-anol”

Functional Group with two hydrocarbon groups on either side of an oxygen (R-O-R’). Name ends with “ether"

Functional Group with a hydrocarbon bonded to a C, which is double bonded to an O, and single bonded to an H. ends with “-anal”

Functional Group with 2 Hydrocarbon chains on either side of a C which is double bonded to an Oxygen. ends with “-anone”

Functional Group with a hydrocarbon bnded to a C, which is single bonded to an OH, and double bonded to another O. ends with “-anoic acid”.

Functional Group with two Hydrocarbon chains one either side of a C-O, and that C is double bonded to an O. end with “-anoate”

Functional Group with Hydrocarbons bonded to Nitrogen. ends with “-amine”

Functional Group with 2 Hydrocarbons, one bonded to a C, which is also double binded to an O, and single bonded to an NH, which is then bonded to the other chain. ends with “-amide”

Hydrocarbon + O₂ →H₂O + CO₂

Another element like a Halogen is added to a saturated hydrocarbon (alkane), and it replaces one of the Hydrogens, releasing it from the molecule.

Another element is added to an unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkene, or alkyne), where it breaks one of the multiple bonds, and the product is just one compound.

Organic Acid + Alcohol → Ester + H₂O. Makes Ester

Ester + A base → An acid(ion) + Alcohol. How soap is made.

A Carbohydrate (ex: sugar) → Alcohol + CO₂. How yeast works, and alcoholic beverages are made.

Taking multiple smaller molecules (Monomers), and attaching them together to form a larger polymer.

breaking the emulripple bonds in monomers to attach them together, to form the polymer.

Taking water away from the monomers so they can bond and form a polymer.

Using heat to break down bigger complex hydrocarbons, into smaller and more useful hydrocarbons.