POB exam 1

there is a system and structure

needs an outside source of materials and energy to maintain organization

make another organism like themselves

receive external environment and respond to it

can keeps internal environment of every cell somewhat stable

can develop/ posses certain features to survive in a new enviorment

smallest unit of life, protons, neutrons and electrons

union of 2 or more atoms, the same or different

structural and functional unit of living organisms

group of cells with common structure and function

group of cells with common structure to preform tasks

groups of organ working together

an individual, complex and contains organs system

a group of similar interbreeding organisms

similar organisms in the same area

interact populations ina certain area

community plus physical environment

evolutionary change made by environmental selection. most fit reproduce with most fit

includes birds in different areas having different beaks. they more and slowly develop a more fit beak for there enviorment

characteristics organisms Gian when they become part of a bigger system. these help organisms survive and adapt to their evniorments

contains prokaryotic cells that live in extreme habitats, these have unique genetic characteristics

contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea

consists of organisms with eukaryotic cells, included protists, fungi, plants and animals

consists of organisms with eukaryotic organisms that are not plant, animals or fungus. these are mostly microscopic

photosynthesis eurkryotes

eukaryotic decomposers

heterotrophic eukaryotes that undergo development to achieve their final form these are mobile organisms with muscular and nervous systems

a systematic way of gaining knowledge

the application of science that benefits humans

climate change, biodiversity, habitat loss

adaptivity and constantly gaining more information

doing an experiment to seek support of an hypothesis

force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall

the cell will shrink because increased water concentration inside of the cell

equilibrium of water inside and outside of the cell

cell will swell because of the increased water concentration outside of the cell

involves recording data from an experimental or natural event

description of a patter in nature, accepted by lots

explantation of why a pattern is in nature

using scientific observations and logic to arrive at a general scientific principles

if then logic. uses general principles to predicts specific outcomes

positively charged in the nucleus

no charge; in the nucleus

negatively charged; in orbitals around the outside of the nucleus (electron shell)

number of protons in the nucleus

1 or 2 letters from an elements English or latin name

isotopes

have a different number of neutrons than the neutral element. this causes the element to be unstable and emit energies

can be used to make markers in the body. this can made thyroid tumors and other cancers visible on PET scans

can damage cells and DNA. this can cause cancers, but in the tight application can be used for radiation treatments

when electrons are transferred from one element to another (creates a cation and an anion)

when 2 atoms share electrons

bond when the sharing of electrons is equal

bond which the sharing electrons in unequal

a weak bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen and slightly negative atom

-lots of these weak bond make STRONG bonds

polar with hydrogen bonds

high

vaporizations

solvent

molecules cling together because of hydrogen bonding

water can attach itself to polar surfaces

have a high H+ concentration, these molecules release hydrogen when they dissociate

high OH- concentrations, these molecules release OH- to take up H+ when they dissociate

lower, increasing the acidity

higher, decreasing the acidity

molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen (often oxygen as well) associated with living organisms

molecule that do not contain carbon or hydrogen

R-OH

R=NH2

R-O-PO2H

R-CO3H

a small molecule that make up polymers

monomer-OH + H-monomer ———> monomer+monomer + H2O

monomer+monomer + H2O——→ monomer-OH + monomer+H2O

C6H12O6

one simple sugar molecule

2 monosaccharides that have joined together by a dehydration reaction

long polymers made from glucose

storage unit in plants

starch from of glucose in animals

help provide structure in plants

found in exoskeleton of carbs and other shelled animals, can also eb found in paper

fats and oils, long term energy storage

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids

molecule that forms the biplayer in cell membranes

polar and hydrophilic

non polar and hydrophobic

4 fused carbon rings and a functional group

have no double bonds and are the least processed

have some double bonds and are slightly more processed

contain hydrogenation and are very bad for you

they build up in the body causing plaque to build up in the arteries

important for structure and function of cells

metabolic, support, transport, defense, regulation and motion

made of amino acids monomers

1 amino group, 1 acidic group with a R group bonded through a peptide bond

dipeptide through hydrolysis

covalent bonds that join 2 amino acids

either a C-O bond or N-H bond

polypeptide chains

linear sequence of amino acids