Ayllu
Kin based clan, basis of Andean society
Bedouin
Nomadic people who controlled caravan trade
Bhakti
Development in Hinduism advocating intense devotion toward a deity
Bodhisattva
enlightened beings who don’t enter paradise in order to help others reach it
Caliphate
the office of the political leader of the Muslim state
Chinampas
Floating gardens constructed by Aztecs
Crusades
Wars by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule
Dar al-Islam
a territory where Muslims are free to practice their religion
Dhimmi
Special status given to Jews and Christian
Diaspora
The dispersion of people from their original homeland
Feudalism
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
Fief
land granted by a lord to a vassal
Filial Piety
Confucian belief of love and respect to one’s ancestors
Gentry
aristocracy
Griot
An African tribal storyteller and musician
Hajj
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Jizya
Special tax on conquered people who didn’t convert to Islam
Junk
Chinese sailing vessel
Madrasas
Islamic schools
Magna Carta
Principle that states the the king and government are not above the law
Manorialism
Economic system lords and peasants shared the farming land
Mit’a
Coerced labor on conquered people instead of tribute
Monasticism
religiously devoted completely to spiritual work
Neo-Confucianism
The combination of Confucian and Buddhist beliefs
Papacy
the office held by the Pope
Reconquista
Campaigns by Christian states to recapture land from the Moors
Samurai
Japanese warrior
Schism
a rejection of communion with the authorities of a Church
Serfdom
agricultural labor bound under the feudal system
Shari’a
Islamic law code based on the Qu’ran and Hadith
Shogunate
Hereditary military leader of Japan
Stupa
A Buddhist burial site or place for religious objects
Sufism
Version of Islam involving spiritual connection rather than reading of the Qu’ran
Sultan
Non-religious ruler of an Islamic empire
‘Ulema
Conservative religious scholars of Islamic law
‘Umma
Universal community of Muslims
Vassal
a person under the protection of a feudal lord