APHG FINAL REALNESS 🌎 🎧 (copy)

hubs for commercial governmental and cultural problems and ideas in a region

agriculture production to support a larger population

the development/creation of class systems and later job specialization

factors that people consider in a location when moving there

factors that people consider outside a location when moving there

it caused dramatic social changes(socioeconomic stratification -class systems) and food surpluses also tied closely to the first agricultural revolution

near water ways

innovation in mining and manufacturing that led to increased urban growth

because of the increase in jobs of manufacturing more people moved to the urban areas which changed social, economic, political, and cultural functions

transportation(cars), communication(the internet), population growth, migration(rural to urban), and governmental policies

population density, changes in demographics(smaller families), governmental policies, the strain of infrastructure, competition of jobs and increase of urban sprawl

the process by which people live and are employed in a city

cities with 10 million or more residents

cities with a population with more then 20 million residents

They are experiencing rapid urbanization(urban sprawl) which causes informal settlements

They are experiencing shifts in urbanization because of technology, technology allows people too not rely on the CBD for resources and jobs this leads to creation of edge cities boomburgs and exurbs

A rapidly growing suburban city that has developed its own unique identity

A settlement that has its own economic district and is located on the outskirts of a city or near a beltway

A highway that encircles a urban area

1. People won’t need to travel as far from suburbs

2. Prices are lower outside the cbd

3. Pressure and the amount of time it takes to travel to the cbd from the suburbs

They take away resources like like

• infrastructure

• Sewage

• Water

• Electricity

• School/education

• Hospitals

• Police/fireman

A settlement that exists outside of a suburban area but remains connected to the metro area

They form because technology allows people to not really on living near the CBD for work

They have a low population density

Larger home/lot sizes

And less access to goods and services

A model that describes how economic, political, and social power is specially distributed between dominant core country’s or areas and the more dependent semi-perifery and periphery country’s or areas

• Wealthier

• Access to healthcare and education

• More jobs and businesses

Stage 4

• mid level development

• Country’s or areas that were late to become industrial

• Low level job opportunity’s

Late stage 2 or early stage 3

• low level development

• Low standard of living

• Labor based jobs

Stage 2

It refers to the interconnection and interdependence of the world

It leds to the increased economic growth (in LDCS and MDCS) it also attracts people to move from rural areas to urban areas which causes urban sprawl

A ranking of cities with the largest and most powerful cities on top

A corporation that owns are contracts the production of goods/services in at least one other country then its home country

A city that is connected to other cities around to world through a series of networks

• communication

• Financial industries

• Governmental organization

• Entertainment/ fashion industry’s

• Manufacturing and trade

• Transportation networks

1. New York

2. London

3. Paris

4. Tokyo

5. Hong Kong

A city that dominates the social,political, and economic life’s of people in a country

You must have at least 2 time more residents then the next biggest city in that country/region

The population of a settlement that is proportional to its rank in urban hierarchy

A mathematical model that helps indicate how much influence cites have on each other

Population1 x Population2/distance²

This one

The CBD is located in the center with concentric rings around it. Industrial areas are closer to the middle while nicer housing is farther from the CBD. It was created by Ernest burgess in 1923 and is modeled after the city of CHICAGO

The CBD is located in the center with specialized sectors coming out from the CBD, the high cost residential areas will grow outward. Was made by homer Hoyt in 1939 and was modeled off the the city of Philadelphia

It is a model that try’s to account for the change in technology in major cities the model shows multiple CBDs with many diffrent purposes based on the city of Los Angeles and creased by chancey Harris and Edward ullman in 1945

Is based on the multi nuclei model and was designed to model modern metropolitan areas

• the industry is located near the beltway

• Low income residents are near the city

• The model accounts for edge cities

• High income residents are further away because they can afford travel costs

• Based on Detroit Michigan

• Made by chance harris in the 1960s

It’s based on Spanish choline’s the CBD is in the center with disamintys(slums) and the high class living in segments that branch out from the CBD

• based on islands

• Does not have a CBD it has a port that acts as the market

• Government, alien commercial zones, and western commercial zones all have access to the port

It’s where trade and commerce is located

• based on sub Sharen Africa

• Made by harm de blij in 1935

• Slums are on the outskirts

• 3 CBDs with specialization

That land/real estate/ rental costs are higher in and around a city’s CBD due to demand

A gradual change in density of a urban area from the center to the periphery

Is a counter to urban sprawl; an approach to city planning that focuses on fostering European style cities of dense settlements, attractive architecture, and different types of housing and walking distance to goods and services

Is unrestricted growth of housing commercial developments and roads over large expanses of land with little concern with urban planning

1. walkability

2. Connectivity

3. Mixed use and diversity

4. Diverse housing options

5. Quality agriculture and urban design

6. Traditional neighborhood structures

7. Increased density

8. Smart transportation

9. Sustainability

10. Quality of life

A zone of grassy, forested or agricultural land separating urban areas

Connects urban dwellers to nature and promotes ecological health

Large scale governmental polices that combat regional sprawl by addressing issues of population density and transportation

• mixed land use-different types of developments in a walkable area like businesses, residential and entertainment

• Compact design

• Infill development-building on unused or underused land with existing settlements

• Walkability

• Variation of transportation

• Randle of housing opportunities

Information that can be counted and presented in number form

Percentages, average income of a population

Information that is opinion based and that could be argued appon; subjective

Thoughts, presidential approval ratings(all though it is a percentage is based on opinions)

They use data to make informed decisions about what policies to in-act;by gettin data on things like traffic accidents and where they occur they can build stop lights to keep the public safe

They are neighborhoods or communities where people live and build their own homes with out legal permit on or any claim to the land. They are over crowded and have poor living conditions die to the lack of infrastructure

Squatter settlements or informal settlements

When pressure is put on the CBD of LDC’s because of strain of housing which causes housing costs to rise

A mass of warm air in cities, generated by urban building and human activity’s, that sits over a large urban area

A property that is potentially contaminated by dangerous substances, pollution or contaminants

By abandoned or underused industrial or commercial facility often first created as a result of urban sprawl

The ability of a city or urban area to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs

Urban areas can place significant demand on natural resources such as water, energy, and land which leads to limited supplies

urbanization and urban sprawl causes problems like air and water pollution and the loss of green spaces and natural habitats

Urbanization can lead to increased traffic congestion and reliance on private vehicles which contributes to pollution

Urbanization can also lead to the consecration of poverty in certain areas or neighborhoods which can have negative effects on the health and well-being of these residents and create social and economic disparities

Extreme weather events(hot+cold) can cause blackouts and energy shortages which leave people with out heating or cooling

When urban sprawl occurs at a fast rate it puts strain on sewage and sanitation systems, even failure. This can lead to health concerns like disease outbreaks

TODALS

T-title

O-orientation

D-date

A-author

L-legend

S-scale

Maps that are specifically designed to show a particular theme rated to a geographic area

A thematic map in which the size of the symbol varies in proportion to the frequency or intensity of the mapped variables

A thematic map in which a dot is used to represent some frequency of the mapped variable

A thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statically variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per capita income

A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value (elevation and temperature)

A thematic map in which some thematic mapping variable is substituted for land area meaning the geometry or space of the map is distorted sometimes extremely, in order to convey the information of the alternative variable

GPS(geographic positioning system), GIS(geographic information system), and remote sensing