Unit 7: Motivation, Emotion, and Personality

Unconscious behaviors that feel natural and are driven by evolutionary factors.

Positive or negative stimuli that drive behavior towards or away from a desired outcome.

Doing something for personal enjoyment or interest.

Doing something for external rewards or factors.

When external rewards decrease intrinsic motivation for a task.

The desire to master complex tasks and reach personal goals.

Belief in one's ability to successfully complete a task.

Theory that behavior is driven by innate instincts for survival and reproduction.

Theory that behavior is motivated by the need to satisfy physiological needs and maintain homeostasis.

Theory that behavior is motivated by the search for the right level of stimulation.

Law stating that moderate arousal leads to optimal performance.

Theory that human needs are organized in a hierarchical structure, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.

Motivation driven by the need for food and influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.

Motivation driven by the need for sexual activity and influenced by biological and psychological factors.

Motivation driven by the need for social connection and affiliation with others.

The influence of social media on our mental well-being and sense of belonging.

Different theories that explain the nature and origin of emotions.

The belief that emotions are experienced first, followed by physiological responses.

The theory that states that emotions are a result of physiological responses.

The theory that suggests that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously.

The theory that combines physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal to determine emotions.

The theory that proposes that emotional reactions can occur without conscious appraisal.

The theory that states that cognitive appraisal of the environment leads to physiological arousal and emotional experience.

Fear, anger, and happiness, which are essential for survival.

The relationship between facial expressions and the activation of specific brain regions.

How culture influences the expression and perception of emotions.

The phenomenon where facial muscle states trigger corresponding feelings.

The concept of stress and different coping mechanisms.

Catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles as sources of stress.

Fight or flight response and general adaptation syndrome as physiological responses to stress.

Isolation and withdrawal or tend and befriend response as coping strategies.

Different types of conflicts that arise in stressful situations.

Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to psychophysiological illnesses.

The hormone associated with stress and its effects on health.

Unhealthy habits that people engage in when stressed, such as smoking and drinking.

Case studies, surveys, and personality inventories as methods to study personality.

Alfred Adler, Albert Bandura, Paul Costa & Robert McCrae, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers.

Personality inventories, MMPI, Free association, Psychoanalysis, Unconscious, Id, Ego, Superego, Psychosexual Stages, Oedipus complex, Identification, Fixation, Defense Mechanisms, Self-serving bias, Narcissism, Individualism, Collectivism, Psychodynamic theories, Collective unconscious, Projective Tests, TAT, Inkblot tests, False consensus effect, Positive psychology, Spotlight effect, Self-esteem, Self-efficacy, Humanistic Theories, Self-actualization, Unconditional Positive Regard, Self-concept, Trait, Factor Analysis, The big 5, Reciprocal Determinism.

The influence of the unconscious on personality and the use of psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious.

Freud's belief in the existence of an unconscious mind that stores repressed thoughts and desires.

The thoughts that we are aware of and express.

The storage of unconscious thoughts directed towards fulfilling sexual and aggressive drives.

The decision maker and balance between the id and superego, operates on the reality principle.

Our conscience, tries to make us conform to and thrive in society.

Childhood stages of development focused on specific pleasurable zones.

Psychological strategies used by the ego to rationalize behavior.

Getting rid of the cause of anxiety.

Acting like a younger age when anxiety was not experienced.

Expressing the opposite emotion of what one feels.

Taking how one feels and placing it on someone else.

Making excuses for one's situation or cause of anxiety.

Changing the target of one's aggression.

Rechanneling emotions into a socially acceptable activity.

Refusing to believe an idea that causes anxiety.

Obtaining knowledge over something as a means of having a sense of control.

Lack of scientific evidence, overemphasis on early childhood and sex.

Influence on understanding unconscious thoughts and art.

Expansion of Freud's ideas by Neo-Freudian psychologists.

Proposed personal and collective unconscious, archetypes.

Focused on the conscious role of the ego, motivation, and superiority complex.

Emphasize the influence of personalities and interactions with the environment.

Personality changes based on thoughts, environment, and behavior.

Internal and external beliefs about control over fate.

Feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and depression due to lack of control.

Outlook on life influenced by personal control.

Organizer of thoughts, desires, emotion, and personality.

How much one values oneself.

Confidence in completing tasks.

Tendency to perceive oneself favorably.

Focus on positive well-being, health, and education.

Focus on the effect of learning on personality.

Personality determined by environment and conditioning.

View people as innately good and able to determine their own destinies.

Global feeling about oneself.

Hierarchy of Needs and self-actualization.

Growth-promoting environments and unconditional positive regard.

Cultures that focus more on the individual, privacy, and personal achievements.

Cultures that focus on community and prioritize the group.

How an individual perceives themselves and their identity.

Identity based on individual traits and achievements.

Identity based on belonging and group contributions.

The goal or purpose of an individual's life.

A concept that emphasizes personal achievement and fulfillment, rights and liberties, and self-esteem.

A concept that emphasizes group goals and solidarity, social responsibilities and relationships, and family duty.

The approach used to deal with challenges or stress.

The principles or values that guide behavior.

The nature and dynamics of connections with others.

The interpretation of behaviors based on personality or social norms.

The belief that personality can be described by specifying main characteristics or traits.

Researchers who study and describe personality traits.

The process of striving to reach one's full potential and personal growth.

A statistical procedure used to identify clusters of similar traits.

A personality test that assesses surface and underlying traits.

A basic trait present in all individuals to varying degrees.

Openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extraversion, and neuroticism.

Assessing personality by observing behavior in real-life situations.

Assessments that ask individuals to interpret ambiguous stimuli to reveal inner thoughts.

Questionnaires that gather information about an individual's traits and characteristics.

A widely used self-report instrument for assessing personality.

In-depth study of one individual to understand their personality.