Unit 2: Chapter 3

A colony created through a grant of land from the English monarch to an individual or group, who then set up a form of government largely independent from royal control. (p. 82)

Epithet for members of the Society of Friends. Their belief that God spoke directly to each individual through an “inner light” and that neither ministers nor the Bible was essential todiscovering God’s Word put them in conflict with both the Church of England and orthodox Puritans. (p. 82)

English laws passed, beginning in the 1650s and 1660s, requiring that certain English colonial goods be shipped through English ports on English ships manned primarily by English sailors in order to benefit English merchants, shippers, and seamen. (p. 83)

A royal province created by King James II in 1686 that would have absorbed Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, New York, and New Jersey into a single, vast colony and eliminated their assemblies and other chartered rights. James’s plan was canceled by the Glorious Revolution in 1688, which removed him from the throne. (p. 85)

A quick and nearly bloodless coup in 1688 in which James II of England was overthrown by William of Orange. Whig politicians forced the new King William and Queen Mary to accept the Declaration of Rights, creating a con- stitutional monarchy that enhanced the powers of the House of Commons at the expense of the crown. (p. 86)

A monarchy limited in its rule by a constitution. (p. 87)

An era of warfare beginning with the War of the League of Augsburg in 1689 and lasting until the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815. In that time, England fought in seven major wars; the longest era of peace lasted only twenty-six years. (p. 88)

The adaptation of stateless peoples to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states. (p. 88)

The alliance of the Iroquois, first with the colony of New York, then with the British Empire and its other colonies. The Covenant Chain became a model for relations between theBritish Empire and other Native American peoples. (p. 89)

A new agricultural and commercial order that produced sugar, tobacco, rice, and other tropical and sub- tropical products for an international market. Its plantation societies were ruled by European planter-merchants and worked by hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans. (p. 90)

The brutal sea voyage from Africa to the Americas that took the lives of nearly two million enslaved Africans. (p. 94)

Slave uprising in 1739 along the Stono River in South Carolina in which a group of slaves armed themselves, plundered six plantations, and killed more than twenty colo- nists. Colonists quickly suppressed the rebellion. (p. 101)

A refined style of living and elaborate manners that came to be highly prized among well-to-do English families after 1600 and strongly influenced leading colonists after 1700. (p. 102)

A term used to describe British colonial policy during the reigns of George I (r. 1714–1727) and George II (r. 1727–1760). By relaxing their supervision of internal colonial affairs, royal bureaucrats inadvertently assisted the rise of self government in North America. (p. 106)

The power of elected officials to grant government jobs and favors to their supporters; also the jobs and favors them- selves. (p. 106)

An institution, established by a colonial legislature, that printed paper money and lent it to farmers, taking a lien on their land to ensure repayment. (p. 107)