Nutrition

Where food enters and begins to break down, produces saliva

Tube that leads to stomach, has cardiac valve

Where food is held and digested, has a pyloric sphincter

What is the order of the digestive tract

What is the function of the parts preceding the intestines

Finger-like projections in the small intestine, aids in nutrients absorption

Parts of the small intestine

Absorbs water, forms feces and mucous

Why do horses not obtain all the nutrients made by micro organisms

Enlargement of esophagus where food is stored

Glandular stomach that secretes juices in poultry

Organ in poultry that has bits of sand and rock to help grind down food

Where droppings and urine exit in poultry

Large fermentation vat where bacteria and protozoa work to help digest, lined with papillae

(blank) are later digested in the (blank) to provide nutrients for animals

Honeycomb shape, interacts with rumen in initiating mixing and provides additional area for fermentation

Has many folds but no major digestive function

True stomach of ruminants, possess HCL

Regurgitation of chewed, slightly digested food; also called bolus of food

Process through which grass is eaten slightly digested regurgitated, chewed again and repeated

Belching, caused by fermentation of microorganisms in the stomach

Consumes animal tissues as main source of nutrients, shorter digestive tract

Main source of nutrients from plant tissues, longer digestive system with modified gastric and or colon areas

Main source of nutrients comes from plant and animal tissue, intermediate digestive system

Digestion begins in stomach

Most digestion and absorption in small intestines

Carnivores and omnivores

Complex 4 compartmented stomachs

Have simple or monogastric stomach and cecum

What livestock is monogastric

What livestock is ruminate

Which livestock is non-ruminate herbivores

Many ruminates have…

The whole digestive tract is smooth muscle except for…

What animals specific to this class is a carnivore

What are the 3 feeding behaviors

Main function of small intestines

Main function of large intestine

What is the true stomach of a ruminate

What are the basic classes of nutrients

Refers to drinking

Water content in feed

Remainder of feed after accounting for water

What does water do in the body

Forage is (blank) water

How much water is consumed in reference to feed to match forage

Simple carbs

Complex carbs

What do carbs do

Which carbs are stored in the tissue

Fats are (blank) at room temp

Oils are (blank) at room temp

Fats have how much more energy than carbs

What is the composition of fats

Single bond fat

1 or more double bonds

What are the functions of Fat

Which class of nutrients is the only one to contain nitrogen

Proteins always contain…

Simple proteins contain…

Complex proteins contain…

What is fat diet less than ~5%

Proteins in feed contain (blank) Nitrogen

You can find how much protein feed contains by multiplying (blank) by grams of (blank)

A feed sample is analyzed and has 3% nitrogen. We know 100g of feed contains 3g of Nitrogen. How many grams of protein are there?

Bonding of 2 amino acids

What do proteins do

What are proteins made of

Essential amino acids

What acronym can you use to remember the essential amino acids

Where do non-ruminates get essential amino acids from

Minerals required by the body in large amounts

What are the macronutrients

Minerals required in trace amounts

Utilized in vitamin B12

Utilized in enzyme systems

Used by thyroid

Utilized in blood

Utilized in vitamin E

Minerals bound to carbon

Minerals not bound to carbon

Deficiency of Se and/or vitamin E

Stiffness or inability to stand

Deficiency of magnesium

Nervous tense head, staring into space

Occurs in spring when lactating animals on pasture

Deficiency of Ca, P or vitamin D

Bones are soft and deformed

Pica (eating non food items)

Excess Ca which triggers Zinc deficiency

Unthrifty appearance, resemble mange