bio

A cell is defined as the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all of life's processes.

movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition.

The two types of cells are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The defining characteristic feature that distinguishes between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the nucleus the the eukaryotic cells has

Prokaryotic cells are always unicellular, have a cell wall, have a circular DNA arrangement, lack mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes, and have smaller ribosomes. In contrast, eukaryotic cells can be uni and multicellular, have a true nucleus, have linear DNA arrangement, contain mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes, and have larger ribosomes.

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and larger vacuoles, while animal cells lack these structures.

stores DNA, controls most of the cell's processes, contains the information needed to make proteins

transports materials through the cell

digestion

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

diffusion of water

requires energy

Diffusion is responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) across the cell membrane in respiration, and for the movement of other molecules such as glucose and amino acids into and out of cells.

Osmosis is responsible for the movement of water into and out of cells, which is crucial for maintaining cell shape and function.

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

To convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is used as a source of food and energy by the plant.

The process by which cells break down glucose and other organic molecules to release energy in the form of ATP.

To produce ATP, which is used as a source of energy by the cell.

A protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

To catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

The specific molecule that an enzyme acts on.

To bind to the active site of an enzyme and be converted into a product.

The region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs

To provide a specific site for the substrate to bind and be converted into a product.

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Increases the rate of a chemical reaction but lowering the activation energy

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

To maintain the homeostasis of the organism by regulating the production and use of energy and other molecules.

relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

A mechanism by which a change in one part of a system leads to a response that either amplifies or dampens the original change.

To regulate the internal environment of an organism by responding to changes and maintaining homeostasis.

When a cell is taking something from outside in

When a cell is putting something from inside out

balanced concentration → solution and cell have equal concentrations → doesnt change shape

low concentration of the particles → solution has lower contraction than cells → causes osmosis → swells

high concentration of the particles → solution has higher concentration than cells. → shrinks → causes osmosis

water loving

water hating

type of diffusion that happens throughout protein chanels

The mitochondria is an organelle known as the "powerhouse of the cell." It produces ATP, the cell's energy currency, and breaks down sugar to make energy for the cell.

A ribosome is an intracellular structure made of both RNA and protein, and it is the site of protein synthesis in the cell. Its function is to synthesize proteins.

A rigid layer that strengthens the cell and supports its shape

Layer around the cell which controls substances moving in or out of the cell.

The Golgi body is an organelle called the cell's post office, as it is involved in the transportation of materials within the cell. Its function is to transport materials in the cell

he rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of flattened sacs and interconnected tubules that are studded with ribosomes on their outer surface. Its function is to synthesize proteins and transport them to other parts of the cell.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of tubular membranes that lacks ribosomes on its surface. Its function is to synthesize and transport lipids and other molecules, and to detoxify harmful substances in the cell.

The central vacuole is a large, membrane-bound organelle found in plant cells. Its function is to store water, nutrients, and waste products and to maintain turgor pressure in the cell.

A vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells. Its function is to store water, nutrients, and waste products, and to help maintain cellular homeostasis.

deoxyribonucleic acid; used to store genetic information for an organism to grow and develop