GCSE AQA Geography Section A: Urban Issues and Challenges

densely populated with high economic activity including towns and cities

an increase in the % of people living in towns + cities

• high level of urbanisation throughout N/S America

• Australia is completely urbanised (75-100% urbanised)

• South Africa and Asia are sparsely urbanised

• India is not urbanised

• economically developed, already urbanised

• 80% live in urban area

• rate of urbanisation is low e.g. UK

• less economically developed

• 30% live in urban areas

• high rate of urbanisation e.g. Ethiopia

• rapidly developing economic development

• urban population of 50%

• medium rate of urbanisation e.g. Brazil

migration and natural increase

conditions that drive people from their homes

conditions that attract immigrants to a new area

1. natural disasters damage property/farmland which is £££, rural areas find it harder to recover by having less resources

2. few jobs as mechanised agricultural equipment doesn't need as many workers

3. desertification makes lands unproductive so farmer incomes are unstable

1. better paid + more jobs

2. better healthcare + education

3. better quality of life

urban areas with more than 10 million residents

• found in HICs located in S-E Asia and Europe

• high property prices, advanced infrastructure, formal economy, no squatter settlements

• e.g. Tokyo, Japan

• found in NEE's located in S-E Asia and S America

• under 20% of population ins squatter settlements, informal economy increased, crime

• e.g. Mexico city, Mexico

• found in LICs located in S-E Asia and Africa

• less than 50% of population in urban areas, large squatter settlements, informal economy, poor infrastructure from no tax from informal economy

• e.g. Dhaka, Bangladesh