WH: Unit 3 Vocab

Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.

Opium Wars, China's last imperial Dynasty, which ruled from 1644-1912 and expanded China's borders to include Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet

Qing emperor (r. 1662-1722). He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire. (one of china's longest reigning emperors)

-focused more on internal governmence and cultural development

Emperor of the Qing dynasty during the time in which China had strict trading laws with the British and who presided over treasury problem after some unsuccessful attempts at expansion

-expanded the empire and maintained its dominance

Muslim empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and the Mughals that employed cannonry and gunpowder to advance their military causes.

An empire developed by Turks between the fourteenth and twentieth centuries. It was succeeded in the 1920s by the present-day Republic of Turkey. At its greatest extent, it included many parts of southeastern Europe and the Middle East.

Persian word for king

The shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in persia between the 16th and 18th centuries

Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

a model for warrior life that blended the cooperative values of nomadic culture with the willingness to serve as a holy fighter for Islam

jatis, strict social groupings designated at birth

Mongol leader who conquered Persia and Mesopotamia

ruled during the pinnacle of Turkish power and almost succeeded in driving into the heart of the Christian Empire, A sultan who ruled in the 1500's. He was enthusiastic about architecture and built many schools and mosques.

founded the Safavids, shiite faith, caused rebellion among the ottomans

Also known as Abbas the Great, took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture

-worked on military and enslaved armies

Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.

-expanded/ centralized the empire

-3rd

-a common claim form the middle ages that the right to rule was given to a king by god

1698 strengthened Parliament and guaranteed individual rights

system of government in which the monarch has unlimited power over the government

-one source of power

French king who personified absolute monarchy. "I am the state"

Dynasty elected in 1613 at end of Time of Troubles; ruled Russia until 1917

(1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg.

system to revruit bureaucrats ane elite warriors called Janissaries

Tokugawa capital city; modern-day Tokyo; center of the Tokugawa shogunate.

defeated rivals and proclaimed Shogun in 1603

centralized a state our of edo

Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences

Muslim ruler who led Songhai to the height of its power

- seized large territories from the Mali empire, making the Songhai empire of western Africa large and powerful, an emperor, military commander, and political reformer of the Songhai Empire

Mughal ruler who built Taj Mahal for his wife

Intendants who oversaw the collection of various taxes in support of the royal governments.

wealth sent from one country or ruler to another as a sign that the other is superior/ a sign of respect

gov bureaucrats recruited from diverse backgrounds that gor taxes

A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife.

A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

the noble landowning class in russian who stood at the top of the social pyramid

Feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions

English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)

Henry VIII mistress during the time of the English Reformation, she gave birth to Elizabeth, future queen of England. One of the reasons Henry VIII wanted to get his marriage to Catherine annulled is so that he could marry her.

This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation

Philip II's powerful naval force sent to attack England; its defeat greatly hindered Spain's ability to impose Catholicism on Western Europe.

Allowed each German state to choose whether its ruler would be Catholic or Lutheran

• the religious resolution to a conflict started in 1517 by Martin Luther's 95 Theses

1618-1648 Catholic vs. Protestant

The system, doctrine, and practice of the Roman Catholic Church.

Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation.

Catholic Church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to strengthen the Catholic Church

a period of prolonged and intensive questioning or investigation.

Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.

Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend.

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

formal statements written by Martin Luther attacking the "pardon-merchants". On October 31, 1517 Luther posted these statements on the door of a castle church in Wittenberg and invited other scholars to debate them. This began the Reformation.

A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

church that King Henry VIII of England creates so that he can marry and divorce as he pleases

-related to the church of england

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Islamic law

emerged in 15th century and attracted Muslims and hindus; later persecuted

the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through observation

-the collection of data to back up a hypothesis

To generate money for territorial expansion rulers used new methods to get money like Tribute systems and _____ _____. Under this system the government hires private individuals to go out and collect taxes for them.

A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs.

• first Russian monarch to be crowned as tsar