US HISTORY FINAL

Empire of Liberty

T. Jefferson’s belief that all new states are created equal

Universal Manhood Suffrage

all adult, white, male could vote (eliminated the 2 other qualifications of land and religion; boosted the amt. of voters); Jackson

Daniel Boon

America’s first westerner; lived secretly in the West

Santo Domingo

mere rehearsal for the French to plant an empire in Louisiana and US; Napoleon lost 24k soldiers due to heat and diseases (malaria and yellow fever) and also slave rebellion

Toussant L’Ouverture

black general who was the master of guerilla warfare; led slave rebellion

Land Ordinance of 1785

township (36mi^2); split into 36 sections; 1mi^2 set for public education; payed by taxes

Ohio River

border between free and slave states

Land Ordinances

T. Jefferson introduced the Land Ordinance 1785 and Northwest Ordinance 1787

Cotton gin

this was a machine invention that boomed cotton production and slavery (King cotton); push to send slavery west; Eli Whitney

Sugar

this was an innovation or idea; boil molasses to get sugar; produced in Louisiana Territory; frenchman

Steamboat

used for Mississippi River shipping goods (esp. cotton)

SA: Northwest Ordinance 1787; 3 steps to statehood

• 5K voters = territory

• congress creat governor and 3 judges for legislature (training wheels)

• 60000 citizens: apply for admission of state (Congress admits)

• 5 new states didn’t want to compete w/ First Families of Ohio (no slavery in free states) (economic)

• wanted free labor b/c can’t compete w/ slave labor as a subsistence farmer

SA: 3 Facets of Slavery (list and describe)

Economic: free labor (N) vs. Slave labor (S)

Political: balance between the free and slave states; how many states, representatives, and senate; are the states in charge or Congress in charge?

Moral: right vs. wrong

SA: Louisiana Purchase

• T. Jefferson bought land west of Mississippi River

• the was unconstitutional b/c president didn’t have all power

• treaty had to be passed by Senate and Congress so congress can pay for it

• bought it right away b/c Napoleon would change his might

• move French out the area w/out blood and secured Empire of Liberty

• 4 cents/ acre; cheap; able to create 14 new states

Sacajwea

• saved Lewis and Clark from hostile tribe, whose leader was her brother

• died a bitter woman b/c took right of her ppl. to claim land; Duel E. Policy

Trail Of Tears

• 18K Cherokees forced to move by US army

• 4K of them died while walking 800 miles to the Great American Desert

The Long Knife

Jackson was called this by the Native Americans b/c he was known as the “Indian killer”

Great American Desert

the area above 36’30 named by Lewis and Clark; another name for the Great Plains

Worchester vs. Georgia 1832 case

• court rules in favor w/ the Cherokee

• won this case as declared by Chief Justice Marshall

• Jackson ignores this anyways and proceeds w/ the Indian Removal Act 1830

Nat Turner

African American slave preacher in Virginia that led the bloodiest slave rebellion in history; 7 slaves killed 60 Whites

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

• Spain cede Florida to US

• US promised to not take any other Spain territory

• US gave Spain 5 million, but Spain got $0 b/c the 5 million was given to US compensation

• US citizens sued Spain, so that’s why they needed to compensate US 5 million

Monroe Doctrine

• written by John Quincy Adams

• James Monroe tells in his address to the State of the Union in 1823 that Europe should stay out of the Western Hemisphere (Carribean)

• this was a bluff b/c the US doesn’t have any power to defend the Carribean and the European didn’t have any intention to come to the Western Hemisphere

Gag Rule

forbid slavery to be talked in the House of Representatives; JQ Adams fight back abt. this rule for 8 years

Tallmadge Amendment

• rejected

• Missouri could be a slave in 1820

• slaves born in Missouri could become free at 25

• no new slaves can be imported into the state, which would make it gradually turn into a free state

“Firebell In the Night”

T. Jefferson called the Missouri Compromise 1820 this b/c it questioned whether federal authority (Congress) to make decisions or states to make decisions

Why were there more ppl in the North than South?

there was more land in the North than the South which resulted in a greater population than the South

SA: Missouri Compromise 1820 (3)

• Missouri enters as slave state and Maine enters as free state

• southern boundary of Missouri, 36’30’, became a permanent line dividing slave states and free states (anything above it is free state)

• postponed BUT didn’t solve political question: who determines whether a state is free: congress or the states?

SA: Election of 1824 (controversial)

• 4 candidates: Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, John Quincy, Adams, William Crawford

• Jackson won the election w/ 99 electoral votes, but he didn’t become president b/c he needed 132 electoral votes (51% majority) to become president

• Henry Clay is out from election; 3 men left to be voted by the House of Representatives

• Henry Clay (who ran the election in the H of R) is responsible for J. Q. Adam’s win

• Jackson said that this election was a corrupt bargain b/c Adams made Clay Secretary of State (next in line for president)

• there wasn’t a corrupt bargain b/c Clay genuinely doubted Jackson’s unknown political views and Clay and Adams agreed w/ each other on issues like federal funding for roads and canals

Shall the people rule?

Slogan A. Jackson used in the election of 1828

Indian Removal Act 1830

• Congress passed this act to remove Native Americans from 100 million acres of their homeland and relocate them elsewhere for white settlement

• act made the N.A. from the east move west of Mississippi River, but most of them resisted

• Cherokee took this case to the Supreme Court in the Worchester v. Georgia 1832 case

John C. Calhoun

• Vice president of Andrew Jackson

• believed that states had the rights to nullify law

• state rights

• wanted South Carolina to nullify law and succeed (leave) the Union due to high tariffs

Monrovia, Libera

The American Colonization Society wanted to send the slaves and free blacks here.

nullies

Southern nationalists from South Carolina that wanted to nullify the tariffs; supporters of nullification

Irish and Germans

Main ethnicities that immigrated to the North

• Irish: potato famine

• Germans: had a failed political revolution (democracy)

underground railroad

• a route used to free slaves to the North and Canada

• “conductors”: Harriet Tubman was a slave who was able to bring slaves out of the South to the North and Canada

• “stations”: hiding homes and neighborhoods

• “track”: roads, rivers, creeks

Frederick Douglass

• leading speaker in abolitionist act

• “spokesman for his race”; educated and powerful

anti-slavery vs. abolition

• anti-slavery: Lincoln believed that slavery was legal and existed due to the 5th amendment; wanted to restrict the expansion of slavery

• abolition: William Lloyd Garrison wanted to abolish slavery; wanted it to end right away

Harriet Tubman

known as the “Black Moses” due to her efforts to bring over 1K slaves from the South to the North and Canada

Austen Family

first family to send 200+ families to Texas

Texas was admitted to the Union

although Texas gained independence from Mexico in 1836, it took it another 9 years for it to be admitted into the US Union in 1845 as a slave state b/c equal number of states admitted as slave and free

1833 British Slavery Abolition

• Britain abolishes slavery throughout the empire

• red letter year

• abolish b/c became industrial

• slavery was ANACHRONISM (obsolete or relic); no one uses it anymore

• south was pressured abt. slave abolition b/c it was a world community

Texicans

Americans living in Texas under Mexican rule

Lone Star Republic

In 1836, Texas became a Lone Star Republic, gaining independence from Mexico

SA: The Compromise of 1833

• the tariffs will be lowered over the next decade back to 1816 levels

• South Carolina would still be in the Union

• didn’t solve the states rights vs. federal authority question

SA: Goal of the American Colonization Society

• wanted slaves to be freed (manumission)

• sent back to Monrovia, Liberia

• problems:

• slave owners want compensation which would increase taxes

• slaves weren’t African but AMERICANS

• Whites blamed that the racial problems were due to A.A.

• no slaves = no labor

• slaves were worth 2 billion in 1860

SA: Tensions of Austen Family leading Americans to Texas

• Texicans outnumbered Mexicans

• Texicans wanted to vote for a representative government

• Texicans were protestants but Mexicans were Roman Catholic

• Texicans believed in Due Process of Law (trial by jury)

• Texicans brought slaves to Texas although Santa Ana abolished slavery