Muscle Notes #2 (Articulation Structure)

Fibrocartilage pads that partially divide high-stress joints.

• Shock absorber

• Found in the knee and TM Joint

Fibrocartilage cup in shoulder and hip joints.

• Helps hold the head of the bone in, to prevent dislocation.

Pillow-like structure formed from the synovial membrane.

• Filled with synovial fluid.

• Rolls and cushions the joint, facilitates movement of tendons.

• Found in bony joints, amount may vary.

Elongated bursae, wrapped completely around tendons that are subjected to friction.

Keeps tendons taut as they cross joints.

• Extremely important to reinforcing

• Found in the knee, shoulder, and arches of the foot

Shallow surfaces, less table than ball and socket.

The more _ , the stronger the joint is.

Joint, a gliding action.

• Within the wrists, ankles, and vertebrae

Joint, flexion and extension.

• Found in the knees and elbows

Joint, rotation.

• Found in the atlas and axis.

Joint, flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.

• Found in the knuckles

Joint, opposition, extension, adduction, and abduction.

• Found in the thumbs.

Joint, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, and circumduction.

Flat bones lip over the top of another, with no angular movement or rotation.

• Found in the carpals, tarsals, and vertebrae

Increase or decrease angle between two bones.

• Can occur in any plane.

Turning of a bone around its own long axis.

• Found in the atlas and axis.

Movement away from the midline.

Movement towards the midline.

Movement of a limb, so that it makes a cone shape in space.

Bone pivots or twists around a fixed point.

• Can be medial or lateral

Rotating forearm laterally so the palms are anterior.

Rotating forearm medially so palms are posterior.

Moving of a body part fowards.

Moving of a body part backwards.

The raising of a bone part.

The lowering of a body part.

Thumb folding over to touch the other fingers.

Straightening of the foot, bending the foot downwards.

Bending upwards of the foot.

Articulation of the mandibular fossa (temporal bone) and the mandibular condyle (mandible).

• Modified hinge joint

• Movements: Depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, and lateral excursions.

• The most movable ball and socket joint

• The glenoid cavity (scapula) is shallow

• Head of the humerus does not fit deep

• Stability: Labrum ligaments, muscles, tendons, and bursae

• Bicep and four rotator cuff muscles are key shoulder muscles, and tendons that attach.

• The most stable ball and socket joint

• Stability: Deep acetabular socket and tight fitting labrum

• Secured by ten different muscles that cross the joint

• More limited range than the shoulder

Stabilized by the joint capsule, cartilages, ligaments, and muscle tendons.

• ACL: Anterior cruciate ligament.

• PCL: Posterior cruciate ligament.

• PTL: Posterior tibiofibular ligament.

• MCL: Medial collateral ligament.

• LCL: Lateral collateral ligament.