Psych final exam p. 3

People do not want to get involved because they assume someone else has taken care of it.

You rely on the inaction of others around and conclude that maybe no intervention is necessary.

"I don't need to get involved, I'm sure someone else will help." Kitty Genovese (stabbed in apartment, attacker came back, raped and killed her. Many heard or saw and didn't try to help or call the police).

You decide if the costs of help are worth getting involved.

Prosocial behavior with no desire or expectation or reward/reciprocation.

Social behavior that benefits another person.

Fairly equal, but men tend to help more in physical situations and women help more in emotional ones.

People high in agreeableness!

Some people are high in other oriented empathy and have the characteristics of helpfulness.

Golden rule/karma. Helping others when they are in crisis so that they will pass on the good deed.

What's in it for me bruh

Care for others

Helpers who do not empathize with a victim and have an egoistic motivation. They are less likely to help if they think they can escape the situation.

Noticing Defining an emergence (interpret cues from event or people involved) Taking responsibility (decide you need to get involved) Taking action (help, assume costs vs. rewards)

Factors based on evidence, not opinions/perceptions (# of coworkers, roomates, ect)

Your integration into social networks or how you fit in.

Personal opinions and feelings rather than facts

Your perception of how much you feel cared for. Can you receive help from others in your network?

Perceived happiness (life satisfaction, positive feelings, negative feelings)

Intensifying the amount of relationships, social networks, # of friends More social relationships=more positive sense of well-being Few close connections>having lots of friends

They need to be GOOD relationships! Social support and conflict are related to subjective well-being Has huge impact on life

Good is high life satisfaction, and health. Bad would be depression, stress, anxiety, low life satisfaction, lose of sense of self, and shame.

The family you were born into

The family you create

The core unit of parents/kids, a group of people united by family

We seek out close, meaningful relationships for support, care, and love

Our connections with parents from birth and how they relate to future relationships

60% of people. Its being comfortable depending on others and having them depend on you.

20% of people. You suppress your feelings/desires, and have difficulty depending on others

20% of peoples. You're self critical, insecure, and fearful of rejection

Lack sense of control about a situation. Often stems from abuse.

You do something because it is rewarding, fun, challenging, or satisfying to you.

You do something because it leads to an external outcome (money for grades, you go on a big trip)

Can be conscious or unconscious but it relates to if we think something will be both valuable and attainable.

Activation of a goal following exposure to cures related to the goal.

Rules that are learned early in life that specify how and when to use emotions in a culture

Controlling display of emotions in social settings.

The process where individuals seek out information from others to clarify a situation and then use that info to act.

Focuses on building character strengths. The 3 key strengths are forgiveness, gratitude, and humility. The goal is to flourish in life!

Martin Seligman

A state is a present moment while a trait is an intrinsic way of thinking/behaving.

Openness: Curious, untraditional Conscientiousness: Never late, self-disciplined Extraversion: Optimistic, affectionate Agreeableness: Good-natured, helpful Neuroticism: Insecure, worrying

the context you are in will affect the way your traits are expressed (talkative w the fam but silent in new friend groups)

Tendency of interviewer to see positive characteristics during personality assessments

Rigid, persistent, and maladaptive behavior pattern that interferes with social interactions

Social inhibition, hypersensitive. Has introversion and neuroticism. (Michael Jackson, Elsa)

Submissive, clingy, fear of separation. Neuroticism and maladaptive agreeableness. (Snow White)

Uses others, breaks laws, reckless (more males) No regard for other or consequences, low in agreeableness. Irritable and self centered. (Scar, the Joker, the Grinch)

Moody, unstable, no identity (3x more likely in women). Self destructive, emotions can be inappropriate or excessive. (The Hulk, Anakin Skywalker)

Perfectionism, maladaptive conscientiousness, ruminative, intrusive/anxious thoughts, repeated behaviors. (The White Rabbit)

Odd or eccentric thinking. Mistrust and suspicion of others. (Richard Nixon)

Withdrawn, cold. Introversion, anhedonia (lack of pleasure or ability to feel it). (Squidward from Sponge Bob)

Attention seeking, seductiveness, drama queen. Maladaptive extraversion, strong attachment needs. (Regina George)

Weird ideas, antagonism. Neuroticism, and introversion. (Doc Brown from Back to the Future)

Reactive anger, need for praise, acclaim seeking. Neuroticism, extroversion, conscientiousness. (my dad lol)

Drugs that affect the body by altering the actions of the neurotransmitters

The interrelation of the unconscious and conscious mental and emotional forces that determine personality and motivation. Think Freud.

Humanistic approach.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs!

Looking at the past (childhood, your dreams) in a super in depth way.

Helps someone discover their self-worth and motivate them to change.

Examines how thoughts, behaviors, and emotions interact. It's present focused and pretty brief but effective. Addresses the thoughts in order to fix errors and change behavior.Relieve symptoms and resolve problems, develop strategies to cope with future problems, and change thinking to be more rational, positive, and self-helping. Pros: cheaper (short), focuses on present not the past Cons: potential bias of what the therapist thinks is “normal”

Slow exposure to phobias or other things to build tolerance and resolve anxiety

Focuses on awareness of emotions and sensations rather than trying to fix them. Uses self regulation, orientation to the present, and sometimes yoga/exercise.

Family counsels, support groups. Pros: cheaper (multiple people pay), therapist can see social interactions, provides emotional and social support Cons: not for everyone or every issue, clients have to share therapist, some are shy

Eliminate stress through their own actions. Use those resources babe.

Change the way you feel or react to the stressor.

The outcome of your actions are the results of your own abilities. You are the cause of your outcomes.

Belief that you can succeed at a task

Greater predictor for well being! Social integration helps with stress. Social integration is the number of social roles you have and the lack of isolation. You get social support from your relationships Social isolation increases risk for disease Our souls are designed to be social and we do better when we have connection

Increased risk for disease

Number of roles you have

Emotional, tangible help or advice

2x more at risk of heart disease (competition, hostility, overall more stressed)