Unit 8 - Clinical Psychology Pt. 2

• Focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal events.

• It suggests that all behaviors are learned through interaction with our environment.

• Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner

A therapeutic approach that applies principles of learning to help individuals change undesirable behaviors.

A branch of psychology that focuses on the study of observable behaviors, including human actions and reactions. It emphasizes the role of environmental factors in influencing behavior.

A type of psychotherapy that aims to change undesirable behaviors through the use of various techniques, such as positive or negative reinforcement.

A behavioral technique used in therapy which involves replacing an unwanted response to a stimulus with a desired response.

A type of behavioral therapy used to help effectively overcome phobias and other anxiety disorders. It involves a patient learning relaxation skills and gradually being exposed to the situation causing anxiety.

A type of behavior modification that uses negative stimuli to discourage unwanted behaviors.

A system of behavior modification based on the systematic positive reinforcement of target behavior. The reinforcers are symbols or "tokens" that can be exchanged for other reinforcers.

A developmental psychologist known for her work in early behavioral therapy. She is best known for her experiment on "Little Peter," which demonstrated that fears could be unlearned, leading to the development of desensitization techniques.

A South African psychiatrist who is best known for developing systematic desensitization – an effective therapeutic procedure for dealing with phobias and other anxiety disorders.

A way of understanding human behavior that focuses on how we think. It suggests that our thought processes affect the way we behave.

Albert Ellis, Jean Piaget, Albert Bandura

A type of psychotherapy that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors. It's often used to treat a wide range of disorders, including phobias, addiction, depression, and anxiety.

An active-directive form of psychotherapy aimed at resolving emotional and behavioral problems and disturbances. Helps individuals to understand that the power of their emotions comes largely from their own beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and reactions to life situations.

An influential psychologist who developed Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that emphasizes the role of thoughts and beliefs in our emotional responses.

This is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person and believes individuals have free will. It focuses on human potential and encourages self-exploration rather than studying behavior in response to a stimulus.

A non-directive form of talk therapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes understanding the client's experience from their perspective.

A renowned psychiatrist and psychotherapist, known for developing Cognitive Therapy (CT) and the Beck Depression Inventory.

A view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs.

A method used in psychoanalysis where patients are encouraged to share whatever comes into their mind, regardless of how irrelevant or nonsensical it may seem. This technique aims to uncover hidden thoughts and feelings that might be causing psychological distress.

An inability or difficulty in thinking or understanding something. They can be caused by various reasons such as stress, anxiety or simply being overworked.

The use of medical treatments, such as medications or procedures like surgery, to treat psychological disorders.

Medications used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. They work by balancing norepinephrine and serotonin.

Type of antidepressant medication that increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain by inhibiting their reabsorption into neurons.

Type of antidepressant medication that increase the level of serotonin in the brain by preventing its reabsorption into the neurons.

• Medications that help reduce the symptoms of anxiety.

• They work by slowing down the central nervous system.

• Enhance GABA.

A class of medications used in the treatment of mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder and depression.

• A group of drugs that are mainly used for treating severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

• Inhibit Norepinephrine to treat mania.

A side effect often caused by long-term use of antipsychotics. It involves involuntary movements, especially in lower face muscles.

A procedure in which small electric currents are passed through the brain, intentionally triggering a brief seizure. It often works when other treatments are unsuccessful.

A noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression.

Implanting electrodes within certain areas of your brain that produce electrical impulses that regulate abnormal impulses.

It involves removing or destroying parts of the brain in an attempt to change a person's behavior or ease severe mental symptoms.

• Principles of evolution, including natural selection and survival of the fittest, to explain psychological processes and phenomena.

• Charles Darwin.

A broad field that includes various sub-disciplines such as clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology etc. It uses scientific methods to study and understand human mind and behavior.

• The sociocultural approach examines how social and cultural environments influence behavior.

• Solomon Asch, Stanley Miligram

A prominent psychologist best known for his experiments on conformity, where he demonstrated the influence of group pressure on individual behavior.

An American psychologist who conducted controversial experiments on obedience, showing how people will obey authority even when it involves harming others.

A neuropsychologist and neurobiologist who demonstrated that the left and right hemispheres have different functions.

Integrating strategies and techniques based on what will be most beneficial for the client.

Also known as psychotherapy, is a method of psychological treatment where a therapist and client communicate verbally to solve emotional and behavioral problems.

The process by which new neurons are formed in the brain.

Refer to how categorizing or naming someone can influence both how others perceive them and their own self-perception.

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to the positive feedback between belief and behavior.

Transferring a learned response from one stimulus to another, similar stimulus. It's a type of learning where a new situation is perceived as identical to a previously encountered situation.