Religion Midterm Vocab

Anawim

Hebrew word for the poor and marginalized

Apathy

Indifference to the problems of others and injustice in the world (social sin)

Commutative Justice

governs exchanges between individuals and private groups

Compassion

Sympathy for another's suffering; “to suffer with”

Contributive/ Legal Justice

Responsibility to contribute to civil society; governs what individuals owe their society

Distributive Justice

governs what the greater community owes individuals based on their contributions and needs

Enlightened self-interest

The realization that by helping others we are really helping ourselves

Equality

Treating everyone the same

Equity

treatment in which people receive what they need to be successful

Fatalism

The belief that the world is out of our control (social sin)

Hasid

Holy Man

Hope

Virtue that envisions a better world with God’s help

Human Dignity

The most fundamental CST given to us because God is within us; the idea that humans are scared; humans’ have certain rights that must be protected

Human Rights

Fundamental right to life and things that are required for human decency

Individualism

A social theory favoring the worth of the individual over the collective

Injustice

A condition in which people have put obstacles in the way of "right" relationships; preventing life from flourishing as God intends.

Justice

To give another their due, fairness, the establishment of loving or "right" relationships among human beings

Lived Experience

The perspective of an individual who has experienced a certain event, state, or position

Magesterium

The official teaching authority of the church

Marginality

The position of being on "the edge" or pushed away from society; cast aside

Oppression

The act of keeping someone from their full potential

Prophet

Someone who speaks the truth to power; someone who exposes the will of God

Signs of the Times

Phrase used by the Second Vatican Council, meaning the issues occurring at that time; the idea that the Church should listen to the world around them

Social Action

Steps taken to change society's structures and systems that contribute to oppression and injustice

Social Doctrine

Any teaching of the Church that deals with economic and social issues (encyclicals, exhortations, pastoral letters); demands action for ppl being harmed by unjust systems

Social Encyclical

A teaching letter from the Pope to the members of the Church on topics of social justice, human rights, and peace. More well thought out and more similar to a book than other doctrines

Social Justice

Application of justice; The defense of human dignity by ensuring that essential human needs are met and that essential human rights are protected for all people

Social Sin

When systems, institutions, etc deny ppl their human rights

The Principle of Sacramentality

God's love is present all around us, able to be found in everyone and everything

Ally

someone who makes the commitment to recognize their privilege and work in solidarity with oppressed groups for justice

Anti-racism

actively opposing racism by advocating for change (individual approach)

BIPOC

Black and/or Indigenous People of Color; purposefully leading with Black and Indigenous to counter anti-Black racism and native invisibilization

Black Lives Matter

political movement to address systemic violence against black communities and people

Color-Blindness

pretending not to notice race at all in an effort to not appear racist

Colorism

using white skin as a standard; favoring lighter skin tones

Cycle of Exclusion

discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes working together in an endless cycle that reinforces to harmful conditions for a specific group

Discipleship

committed approach to living a Chrisitan life within the Catholic church

Discrimination

denying people the right to participate based on prejudice (institutional and individual)

Diversity

includes all the ways in which people differ; all-inclusive and values everyone

Euphemism

expression deemed offensive or something that suggests something unpleasant

Genocide

any of the acts below committed with the intent to systematically destroy the whole of national, ethnic, racial, or religious group:

1. killing members of the group

2. inflicting conditions of life to bring about physical destruction

3. imposing measures intended to prevent births

4. forcibly transferring children to another group

Implicit Bias

unconscious or hidden bias; negative associations people unknowingly hold

Inclusion

bringing traditionally excluded individuals into an environment that shares power

Intersectionality

exposing one’s multiple identities to clarify the ways a person can simultaneously experience privilege and oppression

Marginalization

a social process by which individuals or groups are distanced from access to power and resources and constructed as less valuable

Microaggression

brief daily indignity, intentional or not that communicates a hostile and derogatory slight towards someone

Prejudice

attitude of hostility directed at groups; harms human dignity

Privilege

unearned social power given to all members of a dominant group based on a characteristic in formal and informal institutions

Race

made up social-construct to support worldviews that viewed some groups as superior

Racism

a sin and social disorder rooted in the belief that one race is superior to another; use of power to keep on race privileged (systemic)

Reparations

states’ legal duty to acknowledge and address widespread or systematic human rights violations

Restorative Justice

a theory that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by crime and conflict; places the decision in the hands of the most harmed

Sacrament

an outward sign of an inward, invisible grace; sign of the scared

Sacred Tradition

living reality transmitted to us through the practices of the church since apostolic times

Sexism

prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex

Social Service

one of the “two feet” of social justice; helping to meet an immediate need/ charitable work

Stereotype

widely held harmful assumption about a type of person or thing

Tokenism

simply, covert racism; giving power to those who appear non-racist for bringing in POC as props

White Fragility

a state in which a minimum of racial stress becomes intolerable

White Privilege

inherent advantages possessed by a white person on the basis of their race in a systemically racist society

White Supremacy

the belief that white people constitute a superior race and therefore should dominate society

Whiteness

specific dimensions of racism that serve to elevate white people over people of color

Xenophobia

anything that explicitly or implicitly reflects the belief that immigrants are inferior

Catholic Social Teaching

Guiding Christians as they carry on the mission of Jesus in the world. Réponse to social issues. Recognized as essential to authentic catholic faith and it calls us to pay attention to the sign of the times

Call to Community and the Common Good

We are all called to work towards developing improved conditions for everyone, and promote the common good for all people

Dignity of Work and the Rights of Workers

Work must serve an individual’s humanity and dignity

Option for the poor

Given priority to the needs and rights of those who are economically disadvantaged

Solidarity

We all belong to one human family, therefore we all have mutual obligations to promote the rights of all people

Care for God’s creation

People are to respect and share the resources of the earth, since we are all party of the community of creation.

Promoting peace

Peace is the fruit of justice and is dependent upon right order among humans and among nations.

Just mercy

Written by Bryan Stevenson to focus on cases of minorities and people in poverty, specifically Walter’s

Left to Tell

Written by Immaculee Ilibagiza about her experience surviving the Rwandan genocide and how her faith and connection to God for her through the 100 days in the bathroom

13th

Movie discussing the injustices faced by the black population in America over the last century, specifically looking into the prison system and how it contributes to racial inequality in America

Racial Justice

No longer supporting unjust systems or racial discrimination and using privilege for good

The Seamless Garment

Joseph cardinal Bernadin emphasized the idea that says that all life is sacred from the moment of conception to the final breath of natural death - promotes a consistent ethic of life

Baptism

Water, the person, and the Holy Spirit are need to do an emergency one

Reveals the equality and dignity of person and leads people to imitate Christ’s example by discipleship

Discipleship

“Salt and light” for the world - followed the example of jesus and is accomplished by contributing one’s gifts

Consistent ethic of life

Commenting oneself to consistency living in ways that uphold the irrevocable worth of every human being

Culture of life

The belief that all life is sacred from the moment of conception through natural death

Culture of death

The concept that human life can be morally ended at some other point that is not its natural end

The death penalty saves taxpayers money because it is cheaper to execute someone than to keep them in prison for the rest of their life

False

Since the death penalty was reinstate in 1976, more Black people have been executed than White people

False

After the Supreme Court allowed the death penalty to resume in 1976, the first person to be execute was Gary Gilmore in Utah by firing squad

True

Since the death penalty was reinstated in the US, between 5 and 10 people have been released from death row because they were innocent

False

In most states with the death penalty, you could be executed even if you suffer from an intellectual disability

False

If you commit a crime in certain states, you cannot receive the death penalty

False

Hanging has not been used for execution in the US for over 30 years

faLse

When police chiefs of the US were polled on their views about ways to lower the crime rate, only 1% named the death penalty as their top priority

True

No woman has been executed in the US for over 25 years

False

The Supreme Court allows defendants who were 16 or 17 yr olds at the time of their crime to receive the death penalty

False

Practical reasons for abolishing the death penalty

Economically biased, racially biased, costs more, irreversible, is not a deterrent, randomly administered, the US is the only 1st world country in the western Hemisphere that still uses it

Moral and religious reasons to abolish the death penalty

Denies the presence of Christ, throwing away lives, legalized murder, takes focus off victims, denies the sanctity of life, justice does not mean punishment, denies the opportunity for repentance

Restorative justice

Repair, encounter, transformation

Inclusion of all parties, encouraging the other side, making amends for the harm

Reintegration of the parties into their communities

The UN

1945 international organization created in response to WW2 and the Holocaust, promotes peace, human dignity, rights, and environmental sustainability

The UN Declaration of Human Rights

Economic and social tasks commission on the human rights to formulate declaration

Genocide

Committing a certain set of acts with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a certain group of people

Ten stages of genocide

Classification, symbolisation, discrimination, dehumanization, organization, polarization, preparation, persecution, extermination, denial

Forgiveness

Doesn’t mean trivializing the wrongness of an action, but feeling concern, even love, for the offender, and working towards reconciliation, which requires both parties

Cardinal Joseph Bernadin

emphasized the idea of the seamless garment of life

Saint peter claver

Saint who helped defend enslaved people